Study On The Current Problems And Strategies In The Employment Of Chinese Higher Vocational Schools

So far the history of higher vocational education in China has been more than20years.In1980, a group of vocational schools with the characteristics of “charging, attending a dayschool, providing distribution” marks the birth of Chinese higher vocational schools. Thiseducational mode plays an important role in promoting the development of social economyafter reforming and opening up. Up to2012, the number of higher vocational schools with thequalification of enrolling students from college entrance examination is in total1288and thenumber of enrollment is10million. With the continuous development and expansion ofhigher vocational schools, and the increase number of students, the issue of the employmentof graduates is increasingly prominent, which hinders the sustained and healthy developmentof higher vocational education. This paper tries to study the background and developmenthistory, summarize and conclude the current employment situation of higher vocationalschools. It analyzes the employment issues and finds the reasons of higher vocational schools.It also provides some strategies and suggestion drawing on the experience of foreigncountries.This paper includes four parts:The first part is the definition of higher vocational education, its background anddevelopment history, and some employment characteristics in main development periods.The second parts states from two aspects. First, the employment situation. It analyzes thepresent problems in higher vocational employment.(a) The imbalanced development ofregional economy determines the regional imbalance of higher vocational employment. Theeast coast, Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou have always been the first choices for students.Even though there is great employment pressure, not many people will go to the westernregions, which cause the crowd personnel in eastern and lack in western regions.(b) Theresult of enrollment expansion is the decline of employment. Even though the employmentrate published by government is really high, the practical rate is low and it is increasinglydecline, while the pressure rate rises.(c) Due to the different professions, there is an obviousgap in employment rate. Some professions with the characteristics of practice and strongmanipulative abilities, like roads, bridges, machinery and electronics, have been paid more attention in society. Some professions like medical, computer information and network, withthe characteristics of needing deep research have highlighted disadvantages because of theinfluence of school system and learning features, which require higher vocational schoolsshould actively adapt to the society and timely adjust the major setup.(d) The instability ofhigher vocational schools is the result of social reasons and vocational graduates. Surpluspersonnel lead to lower wages for higher vocational graduates. Second, the analysis ofreasons. The analysis of various incentives can infer the solution.(a) The unfair employmentin society restrains the employment level of vocational graduates and the whole society. Thefair and just employment environment can form social employment order and promotecontinuous development of society and economy.(b) The enrollment expansion is therepresentation of social progression, but the imperfect of employment system and largepersonnel cause the extreme expansion of the talented personnel, which restrains highervocational employment.(c) The attitude of no development itself causes that some schoolscan not adapt to the development of the society and fall behind in major setup and teachingideas, which affects the employment.(d) The diversion of higher vocational continuouseducation and employment ideas affect students’ ideas in school learning and employmentprocess.The third part is the analysis of reform path at higher vocational schools through themirrors of Japanese, American and German higher vocational education. To solve the currentproblems of higher vocational employment, it is necessary to reform higher vocationaleducation.The fourth part is the research of strategies through three aspects in Chinese highervocational employment. First, the firm and strong policy support from nation and government.State, government and society formulate corresponding policies and laws to protect thereasonable rights of higher vocational graduates’ employment. In the development of highervocational schools, government plays rather important role in the prosperity of thedevelopment in higher vocational schools. The government should constantly sum up theexperience and lessons and then come up corresponding policies in higher vocationalemployment to complement the development of higher vocational schools, which can avoid the decline of it. Second, finding reasons from themselves. Any development has two aspectsfrom inner and outer causes. The outer causes are nations and social environment, and thedevelopment of higher vocational schools is the inner cause. Focusing both causes,meanwhile the adjustment of teaching quality, majors and employment styles to adapt thesocial development is necessary. Third, from the aspect of higher vocational graduates. Highervocational graduates have been basically at the lowest level of higher education. Thepsychology, moral accomplishment and professional level of graduates directly affect theemployment situation. Only higher vocational graduates improving their professional skillsand their overall qualities can they seek a job under the tide of employment.