| China is a agricultural country, crop straw high yield, wide distribution, variety, has long been a peasant life and precious resources of agricultural development. Since reform and opening up, in the CPC central committee and the state council JiangNong corresponding policy support, the agricultural harvest for years, crop straw production increased year by year, but the straw to dispose, burning phenomenon also more and more serious, brings a series of environmental problems. Accelerate the comprehensive utilization of straw, to maintain the ecological balance agriculture, reduce the pressure of environment and alleviate resource constraints is of great significance. In recent years, our country attaches great importance to comprehensive utilization of straw, in2008the state council general office issued "about accelerating the comprehensive utilization of crop straw opinions, puts forward the comprehensive utilization of straw’s mission, objectives, priorities and policy measures, under the joint efforts of all regions and relevant departments, comprehensive utilization of straw got a rapid development. In order to accelerate the development of agricultural circular economy and emerging industries, improve production conditions and living conditions of rural residents, increase farmers’ income, protect the ecological environment, promote the construction of new socialist countryside, it is necessary for crops straw stalk comprehensive utilization technology research and application.Crops straw stalk is the by-product of the agricultural production, crop photosynthesis product of more than about half exists in the straw, the straw is rich in organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulfur, magnesium and other nutrients, is also an important biomass resources, can be used as a fertilizer, feed, fuel and raw material of industrial production. Do a good job in comprehensive utilization of straw, can alleviate rural fertilizer, feed, energy and industrial raw materials nervous condition, and can protect rural ecological environment, promote the rural economic sustainable development in agriculture. On the other hand, the comprehensive utilization of crops straw not implementation, also can become a burden on society. Especially now with the development of rural economy, some city suburbs and the major grain-producing areas, and farmers of straw as the traditional life and reduce fuel demand, combined with straw scattered distribution, large volume, collection transportation cost is high, the use of the difference of economy and the low level of industrialization, cause the rest of the straw is difficult to processing. To farming, convenience, the farmer took handled the burning straw in the field, not only waste the precious resources, but also caused the air pollution, soil mineralization, fire and cause traffic accidents and so on a variety of social, economic and ecological problems, and become a government concern and attention of the society and the difficulty.Jingzhou city crop straw resource is very rich, perennial straw stalk output of about5.5million tons. In2011, according to estimates capacity of6.48million tons, the Jingzhou City of crops straw theory, accounted for18.60%of the province accounted for0.90%of the country. According to the survey at the same time, all the crops straw stalk comprehensive utilization technology lag behind, industrialization, resourceutilization is low, field burning accounted for more than80%. Therefore this article through to the present condition of comprehensive utilization of straw, the comprehensive utilization plan, technical and economic analysis and established the straw stalk comprehensive utilization level evaluation index system and comprehensive utilization of straw solution accessibility index system to analyze how to realize the sustainable development of straw, realize the coordinated development of economic and environmental benefits. According to the analysis results find the straw stalk comprehensive utilization scheme of best Jingzhou City and realize the local economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits of coordinated development.This article adopt the combination of theoretical analysis and empirical research method, the full text from the research background, purpose and significance, the straw stalk comprehensive utilization of related theories and research status at home and abroad, the Jingzhou City of crops straw utilization status and existing main problems and the comprehensive utilization of benefit analysis, put forward the strategy of crops straw stalk comprehensive utilization of Jingzhou City I was arranged.The first part is introduction, introduced the research background, purpose and significance of this article, this paper studies the main content of the framework as well as the innovations and shortcomings.The second part expounds the straw stalk comprehensive utilization of related theories and research status at home and abroad, including the related concept of straw, straw stalk comprehensive utilization of the related theory of the straw stalk comprehensive utilization both at home and abroad research status from three aspects.The third part through the analysis of Jingzhou City crop straw resource and crops straw stalk comprehensive utilization present situation analysis, find out the main problems existing in the crop straw utilization in Jingzhou City are:lack of straw industry development plan and policy measures; Straw stalk comprehensive utilization technology, the low level of industrialization.The fourth part is the Jingzhou City of benefit analysis of comprehensive utilization of crop straw, straw from Jingzhou City energy utilization technology, industrial raw material and the material utilization of straw, straw fodder processing and development of animal husbandry, using of straw mushroom, straw returned technology USES five aspects has carried on the comprehensive utilization of straw efficiency analysis.The fifth part for Jingzhou City present situation and problems of the comprehensive utilization of crop straw, put forward the countermeasure and specific way. Main countermeasures:the government should attach importance to, measures should be in place; Scientific planning, classified guidance; Strengthen the straw stalk comprehensive utilization technology research and application; The innovative use of forms, and promote the development of industrialization of comprehensive utilization of straw. Particular way is:to biological technology and mechanization of fertilizer to promote straw resource, improve the ability of farmland;2to promote the straw materials industry development resources of raw materials, improve the comprehensive utilization of straw as a whole benefits; Third, we need to biomass energy conversion guide straw resources, optimize energy consumption structure; Four to feed technology innovation promote the straw resources, the development of herbivores intensive livestock farming; Five to strengthen straw storage technology as guarantee, to ensure the recycling of resources; Six want to promote the edible fungus technology realizing basic material of straw resources, promote the agricultural circular economy and increasing farmers’ income. |
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