The Prototype And The Variant-Analysis Of The Elements Of Window In Chinese Traditional Architecture & Their Application In The Present Architecture Design

The window of the traditional Chinese architecture are very meaningful in form, and they also are the important elements in the traditional space pattern with "inside open, outside closed". There are so many cases transformed from them nowadays. Besides the quality, the inheritance happens in various layers. How to recognize the formal relationships between the "evolved windows" and the "prototypes"? I think we should detach the essential elements from the design of the traditional architecture windows and establish an analysis system.The existing researches on the window of traditional architecture mostly focus on the construction problem of different types. These researches have little influence on the present architecture design except providing some information. Therefore I put forward the "analytical system of the prototype of traditional windows based on construction and modular laws" to analysis the design of the window in the second chapter, in which "construction" implies the construction system from "wall" to "window". The constructional logic of wall contains "masonry constructional wall" and "panel constructional wall", and the constructional logic of window contains the meanings of "opening" and "sash". The masonry wall includes "gable" and "yard wall" and the panel wall implies "eave wall". The masonry wall includes the cut hole and the components of window sash, and the slab constructional wall only points the meanings of the components of window sash. Modular means the relationship between window and human beings. The traditional architecture is constructed mostly through handwork and built for daily life of human beings, so that it can be measured by dimension of human figures. According to the method of "construction and modular laws", the prototype of window can be classified into eave wall,yard wall and gable. And then it can be classified by the corresponding relation between the height of the lower edge or the center of the hole and the height of waist, chest, eye and the whole height of a person, the next layer can be classified based on the possession or opening condition of window slab.After this, the chapter three concentrates on the research of the prototype of traditional windows. In the window of eave wall,because various windows transform from or to match long window, I detach long window and sill window as basic prototype. The windows of the second floor are usually affected by the structure of the eaves of first floor, so it should be analyzed through the classification of the structure of the eaves of first floor. The detachment of the prototype of the windows in the yard wall has three factors, the first is the relationship of the hole and eye height, the second is the relationship between the size of the hole and a person, the third one is the difference of lattice of sash. The detached elements of the windows in gable are the height of the lower edge of the window in the interior and different opening modes.The chapter four turns to the transformation analysis of the variant in present architecture design. The standard of analysis and judgment are based on the changed or unchanged relationship between the variant and the prototype, and the changed or unchanged of three elements (construction technics, patterns, sense of dimension) of "traditional" of window. The variant are classified into three types. The first is transformation of windows in eave wall. The second is transformation of windows in yard wall. The third is the design of skin in present architecture. Then compare each type of the variant with the prototype in vertical to note its transformation at all levels and in horizontal to include the diversity of the variants.