Preliminary Study On The Effect Of The Coupling Of Water And Fertilizer For Tomato In Solar Greenhouse

Excessive fertilization and traditional flood irrigation are common problem inprotected vegetable production in China. Soil compaction, acidification,diseases and insectsbecome more and more badly with the increase of planting age,so it is the vegetable quality.Therefore, it is necessaray to study the technology of saving water irrigation and fertilization ofvegetables in rural China.Tomato is one of the main vegetable species in the northern area of China, Timely,appropriateand equilibrium water and nutrient supply is a necessary condition for early maturing, highefficiency,quality, yield of tomato. With the development of water-saving irrigation,combiningwater-saving irrigation and fertilization become a new way.It is also key factor to obtain high yieldand quality of greenhouse vegetables, a necessary requirement for achieving sustainabledevelopment.Thererfore, this experiment took tomao as material, setting3different fertilization: Lowfertilization (A1),chicken manure22500kg·hm-2,N1938kg·hm-2,P469.05kg·hm-2,K2O1383.75kg·hm-2;Middle fertilization (A2), chicken manure30000kg·hm-2,N2584.5kg·hm-2,P625.50kg·hm-2,K2O1845kg·hm-2;High fertilization(A3), chicken manure37500kg·hm-2,N3231kg·hm-2,P781.95kg·hm-2,K2O2306.25kg·hm-2;3irrigation treatments:Low water2250m3·hm-2（W1）;Middle water2775m3·hm-2（W2）;High water3300m3·hm-2（W3）.Thisexperiment studied on the the coupling effect of water and fertilizer on tomato growth, yield,quality and keep nutrient absorption and fertility, in order to provide scientific basis forgreenhouse tomato production. The test results showed that:1) The coupling of water and fertilizer could increase tomato plant height, stem diameter andleaf number, and can significantly improve the dry matter accumulation in tomato plants,amongall the treatments, A2W2was the best one, it could promote tomato seedlings returming speedand robustness. It was A2W2in2013.3.20when the height was29.2cm, stem diameter was5.59mm, leaf number was10, significantly higher than other treatments.A2W2was alsosignificantly better than other treatments after topping in2013.5.15,the plant height was246.5cm,stem diameter was14.65mm,leaf number was32. Fertilizer was dominant to tomatoplant dry matter accumulation，the treatment of A2and A3was significantly higher than A1,whichhad lower fertilizer,did not increase with fertilizer.Among all the treatments,A2W2had the most dry matter,was significant higher than A3W3,which had the most water and fertilizer withtraditional ideas.2) The coupling of water and fertilizer had significant effect on the increase of tomato yield andquality, and the yield of A2W2was the highest,namely87523.8kg/hm2.and it reached significantlevel,camprared with the other treatments. In addition to the effect on fruit water content, theeffect of different treatments of coupling of water and fertilizer on tomato commercial quality. Inthe experimental range, reducing the amount of irrigation could increase VC in tomato fruit,tomato red element content, soluble sugar, organic acid and nitrate content, VC in tomato fruit andsoluble sugar content decreased with the increase of fertilization, but the content of nitrate.Thenitrate content of A1was less than the treatments of A2and A3,which had low fertilization.As tothe aspect of nutritional quality and safety quality, the treatment of A3W1had the best effect,followed by A2W2.3) The coupling of water and fertilizer could promote nitrogen,phosphorus and potassiumaccumulation of tomato.Among the different treatments, A2W1and A3W1accumulated the mostnitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.As to the aspect of the proportion of nitrogen,phosphorus andpotassium from different organs of tomato plants, leaf had the most nitrogen,fruit had less,stemhad the least.Unlike nitrogen, the proportion of phosphorus and potassium were leaf> stem>root> fruit.4) The content of available nitrogen and phosphorus increased first and then decreased withfertilization frequnecy and times, and decreased first and then increased with depth of soil.Thecontent of available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of different depth soil all increased underthe same irrigation quantity.The surface soil（0-20cm）had a decrease trendency,and the deep soilhad a increase trendency. Consulted the available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content insoil after pulling up seedings, the coupling of water and fertilizer could keep soil fertility, andA2W2was the best treatment.