Special Pollinated Varieties Screening On ‘FUJI’ Apple

Apple is cross-pollination fruit tree and its self-pollination rate is very low. In applecommercial culture， selecting proper pollination varieties has a very important influence onthe quality and quantity of main cultivars. Fuji is the most important apple cultivar in China.But the universal problems are improper selection on pollination varieties and insufficientpollinating trees. It causes a serious impact on the improvement of fruit quality and quantity.In foreign commercial orchard， planting a certain ratio of special pollination trees is one ofthe important technologies for high quality and efficient apple production. In order to providethe evidence for selecting Fuji special pollination varieties，this study totally investigated12wild or cultivated Malus species on florescence，pollen amount，the pollen germination rateand fruit setting rate and fruit quality after pollinating. The main results were as follows:1. Based on the investigation of12pollination variety, florescence， the amount offlowers， pollen number per flower， pollen germination ability and fruit setting rate afterpollinating, the results showed differences among these varieties. Because of the lengthyperiod the florescence of Qiuzishisheng， A10and Shandingzi-2variety, they have a goodflowering period match with Fuji. Moreover, large amount of flowers, more pollen number ofsingle flower， high pollen germination rate and85%pollinated Fuji fruit setting rate of thesefour varieties showed that they could use as special pollination varieties of Fuji in the field.Besides，after pollinating Qinchengnaizi and Wumei the Fuji fruit setting rate was over80%.But these two varieties’ florescence didn’t match with Fuji. Therefore, the pollen of these twovarieties could use as industrialized pollen resources.2. The results of cross-pollination treatment on Fuji pollination trial in different areas(Baishui， Yijun) showed that had a significant impact on appearance quality of fruit， suchas single fresh fruit weight， fruit shape index， deflection rate,chromaticity and the innerquality， such as hardness， content of soluble solid substance, titratable acid. These indexesindicated that it might have an effect of pollen xenia， but varied in different areas.3. This survey found that the number of Fuji fruit plump seeds had a highly positivecorrelation with fruit setting rate. If the seed have a fully-developed after pollination by higher affinity pollen，the fruit setting rate was high and vice versa. In addition， the numberof fruit seed had a certain correlation with deflection rate(correlation-0.3164～-0.3196)，indicating the pollination had an important impact on fruit shape.