| Cucumber is one of the main vegetables in protected cultivation in China, but declined soil fertility caused by soil texture and improper application of water and fertilizer, decreased quality and yield of vegetable and continuous cropping barrier have become limiting factors to receive sustained high yield, high-quality and efficient of cucumber in facilities vegetable production and has aroused great concern among scholars both at home and abroad. This paper aimed at the practical problems in the facilities cultivation of cucumber, using cucumber cultivar" jinglv4"as the research material, making full use of local agricultural waste resources, based on the research of influence of species and dosage of crop straw on cucumber growth, the effect of different matrix formulation under eco-organic type cultivation pattern on physical and chemical properties of soil and biological character, morphological index, growth index, physiological index and fruit quality of cucumber were studied and the cultivation benefit of different cultivation pattern and different matrix formulation were compared as well, in order to provide a theoretical and practical basis for eco-organic type cultivation of cucumber.The results are summarized as follows:(1) The effects of different crop straw on the growth and development of cucumber were studied through cultivation experiments and positive role of different crop straw on cucumber was identified that treated with corn stalk had the most obvious effect, second was the wheat straw, third was the rice stalk.(2) the optimal applying quantity of corn stalk was clarified. Different dosage of crop straw had variant effect on the growth and development of cucumber, appropriate quantity of corn stalk not only promoted the increase of plant height, stem diameter and fresh weight of aerial part of cucumber but also improved the yield of cucumber significantly.(3) The eco-organic type cultivation pattern of cucumber was studied through different culture substrate experiment and the suitable matrix formulation was screened out by virtue of comprehensive comparison of yield, quality and benefit of cucumber that was corn stalk:waste material of edible fungi production:river sand= 3:2:5.(4) Compared with the control group of normal soil cultivation, the eco-organic type cultivation pattern reduced soil bulk density, increased total porosity of soil, raised soil organic matter contents and the soil quality was improved significantly.(5) Different matrix all had definite effect on plant height, stem diameter, number of blades and maximal leaf area, treatment with the suitable matrix formulation could enhance the growth of cucumber, plant height, stem diameter, number of blades and maximal leaf area were higher remarkably than that of soil cultivation.(6) The eco-organic type cultivation pattern had obvious effect on growth of cucumber, fresh weight, yield and setting rate of cucumber treated with the suitable matrix formulation were significantly higher than that of other treatments and fusarium wilt rate was significantly lower than that of other treatments.(7) The eco-organic type cultivation pattern had diverse effect on root activity, chlorophyll content, activity of nitrate reductase and net photosynthetic rate. Root activity and activity of nitrate reductase of cucumber treated with the suitable matrix formulation were enhanced significantly and chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate were increased too, so soil nutrients and optical energy could be full used by cucumber.(8) Compared with normal soil cultivation, if matrix formulation was suitable, the eco-organic type cultivation pattern possess higher yield and cultivation benefit.Summarizing the analysis results, the eco-organic type cultivation pattern can improve soil quality, promote growth of cucumber, increase yield, perfect fruit quality, extend growing profit, it is an ideal cultivation pattern which deserves vigorously promotion and application. |
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