| Forest resources is the material basis for the sustainable development of forestry, the quantity and quality changes with the change of time and space, and affect the forest ecological benefits. Forest ecological benefit is the direct embodiment of natural forest protection project implementation effect, as one of the evaluation measure to judge whether modern forestry management is good or bad. The purpose of forest management should not only to get forest growth, more to give full play to the forest ecological benefits, ensure the sustainable development of forestry.Through the research and analysis the dynamic changes of forest resources of Genhe Forestry Bureau, use forest resources increment before and after the Natural Forest Protection Project, we have evaluated the quantitative ecological benefits of forests in water conservation, soil conservation, carbon sequestration, release oxygen, nutrient accumulation, get the following results:(1) The forest resources is on the rise of Genhe Forestry Bureau. Forestry total accumulation rate is 4.14%, forest area and volume increased 8.64% and 8.61% respectively, the forest coverage rate rised from 81.00% to 88.05% in 2014, a net increase of 7.05%, has reached the leading level in our country.(2) The overall forest resources structure was optimized.Structure of forest category has been significantly optimized, the ecological public welfare forest growth from 3.33% to 65.57%, commercial forest fell to 96.67% from 34.43%. Tree species composition changes smaller, basically with the Great Xing’an Mountain forest region climax tree species composition.But forest age structure is unreasonable, nearly-mature,mature and over-mature forest proportion is small, the path of material proportion is too large, the forest available material resources are greatly reduced, forest ecological benefit is reduced.(3) Forest resources quality is in constant fluctuation change before and after the NFPP, range between 79.72 to 91.89 m3·h-2.In different age groups, the volume per unit area of nearly-mature forest is the highest, mature forest and over-mature forest secondly, mid-maturation forest is centered, young forest quality is the minimum.(4) The forest ecological service function overall is increased. Water conservation forest increased 6.63E+07 m3. Fixed quantity of soil increased by 98115.448 t, the protection of soil N element loss increased by 55.430 t, protection of soil P element loss increased by 38.546t, protection of soil K element loss increased by 1733.012t, protection of soil organic matter loss reduce 366.037 t. Carbon sequestration of forest vegetation is 150906.619 t, soil carbon content increased by 359886.251 t, oxygen releasing increased by 404001.971 t. Accumulated amount of nutrients increased by 18293.431 t, among it, trees of N, P, K accumulation were increased by 7310.075 t,2664.222 t,7310.075 t respectively.(5) After the NFPP, water conservation value increased 763 million yuan, the soil conservation value rised by 1.15 million yuan, the value of carbon sequestration oxygen release increased 118 million yuan, nutrient accumulation value increased 277 million yuan. Carbon release oxygen and water conservation function are the main functions of the forest of Genhe Forestry Bureau, occupy 87.55% of the total forest ecological benefits increase, playing an important role in improving the local hydrological conditions and adjusting regional water cycle aspects, playing a good ecological benefits. Forest ecological amount benefit increase of 2.219 billion yuan, equivalent 54.41% to GDP of Genhe city in 2014. |
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