| Brucellosis also known as the Mediterranean remittent fever, brucellosis, or corrugated hot waves, are caused by brucella zoonotic infectious disease, its clinical characteristics for long-term fever, sweating, joint pain and hepatosplenomegaly, etc. Aksu region, Xinjiang is one of the traditional livestock brucellosis epidemic areas. To figure out the livestock brucellosis in whole Akesu region the epidemiological investigation of brucella infection in sheep, cattle and pig from 8 counties and 1 city in Akesu prefecture was conducted from 2012 to 2013. Totally 168,386 blood samples in which 53,985 from cattle, 112,121 from sheep and 2,280 from pigs, as well as 328 of aborted ovine fetus samples were collected and detected. Results showed that the general positive rate of brucella infection was 2.38%,in which cattle was 0.66%(358/53985), sheep was 3.25%(643/112121), non for pigs(0/2280). The bovine positive rate of brucella infection was 0.8% in 2012 and decreasing to 0.51% in 2013; ovine positive rate was 4.2% in 2012 decreasing to 2.55% in 2013. The average ovine positive rate of brucella infection(3.25%) was significantly higher than that in bovine(0.66%);the positive rate of brucella infection in cattle(3.06%) and sheep(5.76%) raised in the pastureland was both higher than those in cattle(0.17%) and sheep(2.20%) raised in farmland; the bovine positive rate of brucella infection in the small farm(0.68%) was higher that in the intensive farm(0.39%), whereas ovine positive rate of brucella infection in the intensive farm(5.20%) was higher than that in the small farm(1.63%). The result of 328 of aborted fetus detection showed that there were 8 strains of ovine type of brucella detected, in which there were 4 strains of type I, 2 of type II and 2 of type III. The results indicated that the positive rate of brucella infection in sheep and cattle between 2012 and 2013 was decreased due to the strengthening of culling out of positive animals in the region, subsidy and the popularization of the knowledge for brucellosis prevention and control. The lower positive rate of brucella infection in cattle than in sheep could thank to the application of artificial insemination technique in cattle breeding. The identification of brucella from aborted ovine fetus suggested that the main risk of brucellosis in Akesu region was due to the ovine type of brucella. Based on above epidemiological investigation the key measures in the prevention and control for livestock brucellosis in Akesu region were discussed. |
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