| In this test, the tomato variety "O udi" was used in groove cultivation, to test the effect of various formula substrate(peat, vermiculite, river sand and mushroom residue, cow dung, sheep dung, wheat straw, cotton stalks, corn stalks as raw material, mixed eight different formula) and compared them to Formula A(Jiuquan traditional substrate formula) and formula I(Commodity substrate). Various physical and chemical properties as well as fruit quality and yield of tomatoes plant grown in the different substrate were measured. The results suggest that some of these formula substrates(easy to draw) are not only well suited for tomatoes cultivation in solar greenhouses on non-cultivated land, but also tomatoes can be cultivated at low prices. The results, which providing technologies for the cultivation of tomatoes, showed that:(1) After 100 days, except for formula I, the p H and EC of all the tested formula substrate had decreased, presented alkalescence; Total porosity were low(57%-67%), but the value of bulk density were big(0.63-0.79g/cm3).(2) After 90 days, the stem diameter J(cow dung: corn stalks: mushroom residue: peat: vermiculite: river sand=2.5:2:1:1:1:2.5) formula substrate was 12.89 mm, which was the highest of all the tested formula substrates significantly. And its plant height, number of nodes and plant fresh weight took the second place to formula I; 100 days later, the plant’s top and root dry weight of formula J were also highest, which increased 2.2%-40.0%, 7.6%-99.1% for all the tested formula substrates.(3) The values of Tr, Gs and C i of Formula J were significantly highest for all the tested formula substrates; the Pn value of Formula H(cow dung: corn stalk: peat: river sand=3.5:2:1:3.5), I, C(sheep dung: wheat straw: cotton stalks: mushroom residue: river sand=2:2:2:1.5:2.5), D(sheep dung: wheat straw: cotton stalks: mushroom residue: river sand=3:1:1:1.5:3.5), E(sheep dung: wheat straw: cotton stalks: mushroom residue: river sand=3:1:1:2.5:2.5) and G(cow dung: corn stalk: peat: vermiculite: river sand=3.5:2:1:1:2.5) were obviously increased 10.4%, 8.9%, 8.6%, 6.5%, 5.0% and 3.7% to formula A; The Pn value of Formula H was the highest of all the tested formula substrates, which was 21.93 μmol CO2m-2s-1.(4) Formula J, C and D could obviously improve the nutritional quality of tomato. The content of their fruit soluble protein, vitamin C and soluble sugar were significantly higher than formula A, and their sugar-acid ratio were appropriate, which between 4.07 and 5.06. Formula C has the highest sugar acid ratio, which was significantly higher than any other substrate in this test.(5) Different formula substrates had obvious effects on tomatoes. The tomato’s fruit yield of formula J was 9317.894kg/667m2, which was significantly higher than any other treatment; Formula C and D took second place, for formula A, which increased 71.0%, 65.8%.(6) According to the principal component analysis and system clustering analysis,the substrates of formula J and C were the best, so that these two formulas were more suitable for popularization and application in non-cultivated land tomato substrate cultivation in Jiuquan region. |
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