Key Components Design And Experiment Research Of One-row Vibrating Potato Digger

The planting area of potato is extensively in China. The soil condition, plot size and other conditions are not the same in different regions during potato harvesting. The parameters like potato harvester structure, required power and mining depth are also differently to adapting to those conditions. In this study, the mathematical model has been established and analyzed, simulation test, field test and analysis of variance method(ANOVA) also been taken to solve the key technical problems of potato harvesting,such as: the mechanization fields of potato is small and the slope is tiltly in hilly and mountainous regions. The kinematic equations of the digging shovel and vibrating screen are deduced, and also taking the theoretical analysis of the key components such as the mining shovel and the vibrating scree. It is also making simulation and analysis of five bar mechanism and double-four bar mechanism. The key parameters are determined and the structure design of the whole machine is carried out. The correctness of performance parameters was proved by the traction resistance and field experiment. The difficulty problems of mechanical harvesting on potato harvester in hilly and mountainous regions are solved. It is also completely been solved the problem of agricultural integration of agricultural machinery and agronomics in the hilly and mountainous areas, and also p rovides a theoretical reference and new ideas for the research and design of potat o equipment in the hilly and mountainous areas.The main research contents shows as follows:(1) The key components(mining shovel, separating screen, etc.) were theoretically analyzed to determine key technical parameters according to the agronomic requirem ents of potato harvest. And the structure design of the key components is carried out. The driving system, mining shovel and separating screen were analyzed to obtain the kinematics analysis of the key parts on such this basis.(2) Accoring to theoretical analysis of five bar mechanism and double-dour bar mechanism, the software ADAMS was used to model and to take virtual simulation, which verified the effect of the synchronization of the mining shovel and the separating screen can reduce the inertia force.(3) The no-load and load field traction resistance test were implemented combined with the theoretical analysis and experiments, using variance analysis method to process the experimental data to obtaine the regression equation and ideal response surface, optimizaed this data to obtain the optimal combination of parameters,and also vertified the feasibility of the principle of vibration drag reduction.(4) The potato harvester field test were completed, using variance analysis method to process experimental data,using variance analysis method to process this data, obtained the regression equation and the ideal response surface, optimizing the results to obtain the optimal combination of parameters. Through testing the performance parameter, the results shows that vibrating potato harvester fully meet the requirements of mountainous and hilly small fields of potato harvesting and exceeded the national standards.The research results show as follows:(1) Through theoretical calculations to determine the main structural p arameters of mining shovels and separating screen: the shovel were composed of plane shovel and grid bar, shovel surface has the length of 180 mm, the width is 496 mm,the height is 273 mm, the inclination is 21~25 degree,the length is 135 mm, the spacing of grid bar is 30 mm, the shovel has 22 grid bars.Separating screen using swing separation screen, were welded by U-shaped supportor and grid bars, the main structure parameters was that the U-shaped supportor length is 35 mm, the width is 580 mm, the height is 250 mm, the inclination is 7~8 degrees, each grid bars has unequal length, the space between each grid bar is 30 mm, the separating screen has 23 grid bars.(2) Determined the structure parameters of five bar mechanism which is composed by eccentric wheel, connecting sleeve, articulated arm and frame vibration structure and double-dour bar mechanism which is composed by mining shovel and separaton screen,and establishing the kinematics model of frame vibration、the digging shovel and separation screen through the closed vector triangle method, obtained kinematics analytic formula of the angular displacements, angular speed and angular acceleration of the vibration frame, digging shovel and separation screen, obtained the displacements, velocity and acceleration equations of any point on the digging shovel and separation screen. Getting the inertial force of digging shovel and separation screen can be offset in the range of force from 53.66 to 1117.291 N.(3) Establish the kinematics modeling and simulation on potato digger with ADAMS, the angular displacements, angular velocity and angular acceleration of the working parts for motion parameters curve at any time. Analysis digging shovel and separating screen movement s and motion characteristics base on the motion parameter curve, the motion characteristics meet the design requirements and achieve the digging shovel and separation s creen synchronous and asynchronous to the vibration, part of the inertial force of diggi ng shovel and separation sieve can be offset.(4) Field traction resistance test showed that vibration reduction resistance scheme about potato digging shovel and separation sieve is reasonable and feasible. Taking the depth of excavation, shaft speed and traction speed as the test factors,the traction resistance as test indicators, using Box-Behnken response surface test method, the Design-Expert8.0.6 software processing data. Through variance analysis and response surface analysis, get the primary and secondary order of each factors to the traction are depth of excavation, shaft speed and traction rate. Through optimization of the optimal combination of parameters for mining depth is 200 mm, shaft speed is 540r/min, traction rate is 0.57km/h. Under such this condition, the traction force is equal to 1076.34 N, traction force is decreased by 30.5% compared with no vibration one.(5) The field experiment shows that the performance indexes of potato excavator me et the requirements of the field production of potato harve st in hilly and mountainous regions. Taking the eccentric wheel speed, horizontal position and separation sieve separation screen angle position as experimental factors, emerge rate and damage rate as evaluation indexes, using the Box-Behnken test method, the Design-Expert8.0.6 software to process data, through variance analysis and response surface analysis, to determine the influence sequence s of each factors on the index, the eccentric wheel speed and angle position of the separating s creen effects on the emerge rate and rate of damage were great, separating screen horizontal position had little effects on the indexes. Finally obtained the optimal combination of parameters: eccentric wheel speed is 241.97 r/min, located in 0.18 level separation screen coo rdinates, separation angle is 60 degrees, the performance indicators under this condition: emerge rate was 97.43, damage rate was 3.52%, the loss rate was 3.18%, reliability was 97%, pure work hour productivity was 0.36hm2/h, unit fuel consumption amount was 6.73kg/hm2, The indicators meet the national standards and requirements of field work.This research solves the hilly potato harvesting difficulty problems that unable to mechanized harvest, the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomic techno logy provides a new technology, new equipment and new ideas for the research of potato digging machine.