| Tobacco is an important economic crop in China and chemical fertilizer is the foundation for the growth of tobacco. However, the problems about the fertilizer waste, decreased efficiency, environmental pollution which are caused by unreasonable fertilizer applications that are paid more attention to. How to improve the efficiency of fertilizer is an important research topic, while ensuring yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. It is researched that the effect of different form of fertilizers and fertilization methods on the growth of flue-cured tobacco and fertilizer response via using indoor soil cultivation, pot experiment and field experiment combination. The results are as follows:1. Soil cultivation experiments about applying fertilizers of different form showed that the largest contents of available-N were all in the 15-20cm soil-layer (fertilization site) in 30d,60d,90d after application of granular fertilizer (K), bulk blending fertilizer (B), liquid fertilizer (S). The content of available-N of K treatment in 15-20cm soil-layer respectively increased 58.41%,50.12%,43.09% compared with CK, the content of available-N of B treatment in 15-20cm soil-layer respectively increased 67.10%,43.73%,31.33% compared with CK, the content of available-N of S treatment in 15-20cm soil-layer respectively increased 46.83%,36.34%,31.35% compared with CK. After fertilization, the content of available-N of K treatment in 15-20cm soil-layer increased 6.39-11.76 percent point compared with B treatment and 13.78-11.74 percent point compared with S treatment in 60d and 90d. After fertilization, the content of available-N of S treatment in 20-25cm soil-layer respectively increased 11.91,10.48,8.21 percent point compared with K treatment and 8.65,5.08, 5.31 percent point compared with B treatment, which illustrated the nitrogen of liquid fertilizer more easily moved to the lower soil.The largest contents of available-P of K, B, S treatment in fertilization-site soil (15-20cm) were in 30d after fertilization and they respectively increased 73.09%,76.00%,56.98%compared with CK. The contents of available-P of K, B, S treatment in the 20-25cm soil-layer respectively increased 6.43%,8.48%,2.02% compared with CK in 90d after fertilization, which illustrated that the moving-down trend of phosphorus was weak.After fertilization, the contents of available-K of K treatment in 15-20cm soil-layer respectively increased 78.82%,70.23%,61.68% compared with CK, B treatment’s increasing 74.42%,62.56%, 54.50% compared with CK, S treatment’s increasing 53.70%,44.94%,40.31%compared with CK in 30d,60d,90d. The largest contents of available-K of each treatment in 20-25cm soil-layer were all in 90d after fertilization, which respectively increased 26.91%,23.54%,29.54% compared with CK. It illustrated that the liquid K-fertilizer more easily moved to the lower soil compared with granular fertilizer, bulk blending fertilizer.Soil cultivation experiments of using different fertilization methods showed that the contents of available-N of band fertilization method (T) and hole fertilization method (X) in 15-20cm soil-layer respectively increased 58.41%-43.09% and 74.23%-28.20% compared with CK in 30d,60d,90d after application granular fertilizer into soil. The contents of the available-N of T and X treatment in 20-25cm soil-layer respectively increased 5.14%-16.41% and 8.70%-21.70% compared with CK, which illustrated the trend of nitrogen moving of the hole fertilization method was strong. The contents of the available-N of separated layer fertilization (F) were mainly distributed in the 5-10cm, 15-20cm soil-layer (fertilization site) and they respectively increased 39.82%,33.34%,35.15% in 5-10cm soil-layer and 37.04%,32.16%,32.90% in 15-20cm soil-layer compared with CK. The available-N of whole layer fertilization (Q) was equally distributed,115.01-122.27mg/kg.After applying granular fertilizer, the largest contents of available-P were all distributed in the fertilization site (15-20cm) in 30d,60d,90d. For the contents of available-P in 20-25cm soil-layer, T and X treatment’s respectively increased 2.57%,4.42%,6.43% and 7.93%,11.58%,10.61% compared with CK. The contents of available-P of F treatment respectively increased 25.81%,12.47%, 11.48% in 5-10cm soil-layer and 21.69%,17.14%,6.84% in 15-20cm soil-layer compared with CK. The content of available-P for Q treatment was equally distributed in soil (26.14-30.28mg/kg).For T and X treatment, the contents of available-K respectively increased 78.82%-61.68%, 88.08%-59.04% in 15-20cm soil-layer and 23.04%-26.91%,15.32%-28.78% in 20-25cm soil-layer compared with CK. For each treatment, the distribution of available-K was similar to the distribution of available-N in soil.2. Pot experiments of applying fertilizers of different form showed that it was obvious for promoting the flue-cured tobacco early growth by applying the liquid fertilizer and the flue-cured tobacco growth at a later stage by applying the granular fertilizer and bulk blending fertilizer, but the granular fertilizer’s promotion was stronger than the bulk blending fertilizer’s. The amount of dry matter accumulation of flue-cured tobacco leaf, stems, root of granular fertilizer were greatest, respectively increasing 2.82%,2.88%,15.03% compared with BB fertilizer and 2.08%,3.28%, 11.93% compared with liquid fertilizer, which illustrated the application of granular fertilizer was more beneficial for the dry matter accumulation of flue-cured tobacco leaf, stems, root and it was more obvious for promotion of flue-cured tobacco root. The relative absorption of flue-cured tobacco on N, P, K nutrients for granular fertilizer were highest (100%),96.6%,94.1%,90.4% of BB fertilizer and 92.5%,96.3%,83.5% of liquid fertilizer, indicating that the application of granular fertilizer was more beneficial to assimilate NPK nutriment for flue-cured tobacco.The soil available nutrient results of application of different fertilizer form after harvesting showed that the soil available-N was mainly distributed in 16-24cm soil-layer for each treatment, the content of BB fertilizer largest (144.09mg/kg) and liquid fertilizer smallest (131.52mg/kg). The soil available-P was mainly distributed in 16-24cm soil-layer for each treatment, the content of liquid fertilizer largest (32.20mg/kg). The content of soil available-K became high down soil-layer for each treatment after harvesting and the largest contents of soil available-K were all in the 16-24cm soil-layer, the granular fertilizer largest (67.05mg/kg), BB fertilizer next (58.72mg/kg), liquid fertilizer smallest (54.42mg/kg).Pot experiments of applying different fertilization methods showed that it was more obvious to promote the early growth of flue-cured tobacco by applying advanced band fertilization and the growth of flue-cured tobacco at a later stage by applying band fertilization. The amount of dry matter accumulation of the flue-cured tobacco leaf of the advanced band fertilization were highest, respectively increasing 3.99%-13.93% compared with other treatment. The amount of dry matter accumulation of the flue-cured tobacco stem of band fertilization was highest and respectively increased 11.24%-31.43% compared with other treatment. The amount of dry matter accumulation of the flue-cured tobacco root of separate application of liquid fertilizer was highest and respectively increased 19.72%-52.02% compared with other treatment. It illustrated that the advanced band fertilization was more beneficial for the dry matter accumulation of flue-cured tobacco leaf. The relative absorption on the nitrogen of flue-cured tobacco of applying advanced band fertilization was highest (100%), the relative absorption of band fertilization next (96.3%), the relative absorption of whole layer fertilization lowest (86.4%). The relative absorption on the phosphorus of flue-cured tobacco of applying band fertilization was highest (100%), the relative absorption of whole layer fertilization lowest (90.0%). The relative absorption on the potassium of flue-cured tobacco of applying advanced band fertilization was highest (100%), the relative absorption of separated layer fertilization lowest (77.7%). It illustrated the advanced band fertilization was beneficial to assimilate N, K nutriment and the band fertilization was beneficial to assimilate P nutriment for flue-cured tobacco, but the difference was not significant.The soil available nutrient results of application of different fertilizer methods after harvesting showed that the content of available-N of separate application of solid fertilizer in 0-8cm soil-layer was largest (135.47mg/kg) and the contents of the available-N of separated layer fertilization were largest in the 8-16cm and 16-24cm soil-layer. The content of the available-P of separate application of liquid fertilizer was largest in the 16-24cm soil-layer. There were differential effects on soil available-K for different fertilization methods. In 0-8cm soil-layer, the content of the available-K of separate application of solid fertilizer (92.45mg/kg) was largest, the content of the available-K of separate application of liquid fertilizer (84.73mg/kg) largest in 8-16cm soil-layer, the content of the available-K of band fertilization (67.05mg/kg) largest in 16-24cm soil-layer.3. Field experiments of application of different fertilizer form showed that it was not significantly different for the flue-cured tobacco growth period (about 126 days) of application of granular fertilizer (A), bulk blending fertilizer (B), liquid fertilizer (C). The plant agronomic trait performance of C was best, B treatment’s next and A treatment’s followed during the early growth period,but the plant agronomic trait performance of A was best at a later stage. The output value of the flue-cured tobacco of K treatment respectively increased 7.53%,5.79%compared with B and S treatment, but they were not significant differences. It was more beneficial for the internal coordination of tobacco leaf to apply granular fertilizer.Field experiments of application of different fertilization methods showed that the flue-cured tobacco growth period was 134 days for band fertilization (A), hole fertilization (B), separated layer fertilization (C), whole layer fertilization+general topdressing (D), separate application of fertilizer (E), double band fertilization (F). The plant agronomic trait performance of C was best. The yield of the flue-cured tobacco of A was highest (130.9kg/666.67m2), the yield of double band fertilization lowest (113.8kg/666.67m2), but the differences about the yield and output value of tobacco leaf among the treatments did not reach significant levels. It was more beneficial for the internal coordination of tobacco leaf to apply band fertilization. |
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