The Analysis Of Plastid Pigments And The Quality Of Flue-cured Tobacco In Different Areas And Positions

the flue-cured tobacco with 3 positions (B2F, C3F, X2F) in 11 different tobacco growing areas as the study object, establishment the high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC)method to test the carotenoids in the flue-cured tobacco, and study plastid pigments content change basic regular and the relationship between the plastid pigments and the quality of flue-cured tobacco, the details results showed as that:1.The chages of carotenoids content in different areas and grades. Violaxanthin and neoxanthin can’t achieve the baseline separated, both of them may totally degraded in the cured process or may have existed only in trace; lutein content in Hubei Xuan-en area with a high level,β-carotene content with higher level in Nanyang of Henan province. lutein content in the mid-latitudes of the tobacco growing areas is high, low-latitude and high latitude regions of the tobacco leaves are not high; in low-latitude and high-altitude or low-altitude and mid-latitude regions,β-carotene more easily to be accumulated in tobacco leaves.2. The content of plastid pigments in different areas and grades. Chlorophyll a in the flue-cured have a large proportion of the total chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll in high-latitude and low elevation(≤600m) more easily to be accumulated, the carotenoids content in low–latitude regions with a high level.3. The content changes of aroma components in different areas and grades. (1) the total degraded products content of the carotenoids in 3 parts shown that lower leaf >upper leaf >mid leaf, and the carotenoid degraded products content with a high level in the low-latitude regions; the content of neoplytadiene degraded by chlorophyll with high level in low-altitude or low-latitude high-altitude; the content of derivatives of phenylalanine aroma substances and browning reaction products show higher levels in low altitude, lower in middle elevation areas; the products degraded by cembra-alkane (solanone) in the upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco with high level in Hunan Chenzhou, HenanXuchang and HeiLongjing Ning’an areas, the middle leaves with high level in Hunan Chenzhou, HenanXuchang and Sichuan Liangshan areas, in the low leaves the content of products degraded by cembra-alkane (solanone) with low level in Liangshan area, and with high level in Shanxi Pinglu, Hunan Fenghuang and Guizhou Tongren areas; other amora substances (linalool) with high level in the high-altitude low-latitude regions; the contents of aroma substances in different regions showed significant or extremely significant difference except furfurol, 3,4-dimethyl-2,5-furan second, megastig matrienone A and 3-hydroxide radical-β-dihydro damascene.4. The content changes of chemical component in different areas and grades. The nicotine in the southern is relatively lower than northern; the flue-cured tobacco leaves in the low-altitude areas has appropriate total sugar content; total nitrogen in most areas of showed that upper leaves >middle leaves >lower leaves, but in Henan province the content of total nitrogen showed that the lower leaves >upper leaves > middle leaves, Sichuan Liangshan and Jilin Helong areas showed that middle leaves >lower leaves>upper leaves; the content of protein in addition to Yunnan Baoshan, Nanyang, Henan, Guizhou Tongren Region and Jilin Helong areas showed that the lower leaves higher than the middle and upper leaves, other areas all showed that protein in the middle and upper leaves higher than lower leaves; the K+ content in different grades showed that lower leaves >middle leaves >upper leaves, Cl- content showed the upper leaves> middle leaves > lower leaves; the content of nicotine, total nitrogen,K+/Cl- and TN/TA has no significant difference, but other chemical components content showed significant or extremely significant difference. (2)the content of free amino acids is significantly improved with the decline, the content in the middle leaves and upper leaves has little difference, and the content in the low altitude has higher level than the middle and high-altitude areas and has little relevance with latitude; extractives of petroleum ether content showed that upper leaves> middle leaves > lower leaves, the performance of different regions for the low-altitude areas (≤600m) and higher than the high-altitude 2000m (Sichuan Liangshan)in the flue-cured tobacco extractives of petroleum ether content higher than middle altitude; polyphenol content showed that middle and upper leaves > lower leaves, different regions except Henan Xuchang area, low latitude and high-latitude or low elevation and high elevation areas with higher levels of polyphenol; organic acid content in the upper leaves >middle leaves >lower leaves, and middle elevation areas has low level organic acid content.5. correlation analysis between platid pigments and chemical composition in different flue- cured tobacco producing areas. Chlorophyll and chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid, total sugar, reducing sugar content showed a significant correlation; chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were significantly associated with lutein,β-carotene was highly significant correlation; carotenoid and lutein,β-carotene, amino acids were significantly related; lutein andβ-carotene were significantly correlated and with amino acid was significantly correlated,β-carotene with protein content of carotenoids was significantly related.6. The changes of smoking quality of flue-cured tobacco from different areas and grades. The quality of aroma and chroma Liangshan of Sichuan, Baoshan of Yunnan regions, but its hybrid gas and irritation are strong too, that make the tobacco show the aroma type of the clear flavour to the center flavour transition; The quality of aroma or chroma with low level in the flue-cured tobacco of Xuan-en of Hubei, Pinglu of Shanxi, Tongren of Guizhou, and Helong of Jilin area, but the hybrid gas, irritation or strength has a little high, that make the tobacco show the aroma type of the center flavour to enriched flavour transition; the aroma type of the tobacco in Nanyang of Henan, Fenghuang of Hunan, Chenzhou of Hunan is enriched flavour, the aroma quality and chroma has the middle level, the irritation and the strength has higher level, and the hybrid gas has lower level; the tobacco in Ningan of HeiLongjiang area has low level in the factor of the quality of aroma, chroma, hybrid gas, irritation and strength, that make the savor dull, as the center flavour type.