Study On Technology Of Permeation And Humid Prevention Of Maijishan Grottoes

The world-famous grottoes, Maijishan Grottoes, is one of the biggest chinese four grottoes, which Located in the southeast of Gansu province Tian Shui city about 45 kilometres to the west setion and north foot of Qinling mountain. Maijishan grottoes is founded in the era of Sixteen countries about 384 AD. Through constantly Chiseled built and repairing by Past dynasties, there now exists 194 grottoes and niche, 7000 statues, and 1000m2 of murals. Maijishan grottoes is called "Sculpture gallery of the orient ", which provides the most important Object information for the study of chinese Sculpture art and history of Buddhism.More than 1,600 years, grottoes damages in aspect of thief Stolen dig and spalling is weak, but a far more serious in nature damages, earthquake ruins for example. Under the action of nature force, Maijishan Grottoes is to be sick. those diseases(seeping water and wet) distory Maijishan grottoes arts. the rainfall supply grottoes permeation mainly, and grottoes permeation is one important reason of humid. Grottoes permeation bring about higher humidity and change range, which cause quick carves weathering and fresco desquamation due to deliquescence. It aggravate the speed of rocks weathering permeation seation for long-term grottoes permeation, at last, strong belt of weathering of rocks is enlarged. The weathering harm causes cultural relics strap lose depends in the grottoes, and the collapse of mud sculpture, which support the surface of rocks. Long-time weathering damage changes stress state of rock-style of grottoes. Much more bad thing is that it can progressively destroy grottoes wall rock and the stability of cliff of grottoes.The paper, through field survey, data collecting and literature inquiring, find out of the history development and natural-social survey of Maijishan Grottoes. It discuss permeation actuality, permeation harm and affect of wet cave to cultural relic about Maijishan Grottoes. At the same time, according to the data and experiment,we analysed permeation source and permeation approach and advanced many reasonable humid proof measures and manage countermeasure:1. Prevention and control of grotto permeation From the formation of permeation of Maijishan grottoes, the prevention and control of grotto permeation and cavern humid are radical approach to the disease of Maijishan grottoes. Combining with environmental condition, lithology configuration and lithology characteristic, permeation preventing shoud be carried through the aspect of fissure grouting. In the study of the prevention and control of grotto permeation, we should followed "Did not change the original state of cultural relic" We adopted new materials, new technology, new techniques and new methods. A synthetical study "blocking up sourse and cutting stream outside, block-based; eliminating mainly inside, combining blocking with eliminating"2. Prevention and control of cavern humidCavern humid bring to the protection of cultural relics enormous effect and destroyment. Cavern permeation and vapour inbursting outside are the two sources of cavern humid. Based on the fact, open and close the door to reduce the moisture in the cavern by artificial and try to keep inside their homes in a good condition for protection of cultural relics of the environment. Using a dry equipment(such as dehumidify machine) can absorbe vapour directly inside the carven to reduce the humidity of the carven. In conclusion, the prevention and control of permeation and humid of Maijishan grottoes must setting out from headstream and implement effective management and measures, to make sure that Maijishan grottoes be well protected.