The Influence Of Time Pressure And Resilience On The Framing Effect Of Risk Decision-making Under Paroxysmal Events

China today is undergoing the transition of the economic and social development with all kinds of paroxysmal events occurring frequently and the scale being also increasing year by year. How to effectively deal with those paroxysmal events of severe impact has already become a major concern to our government. Many domestic researches focus on the decision-making of decision makers in paroxysmal events. As the main body of paroxysmal events response, the decision maker’s decision is one of the key factors to decide whether or not the paroxysmal event can be handled successfully. However, due to adverse factors such as the lack of information about paroxysmal events, urgent time and severe impact, the decision maker’s rational judgment is likely to be affected so as to make irrational decisions.In the field of behavioral decision research, Framing Effect draws considerable attention as a kind of typical irrational decision. In 1981, while using the classic "Asian disease problem" to study decision making, Kahneman and Tversky found that, for the same decision task, different ways of expression may lead to individuals’ different decisions and they named it “framing effect”. It has been found that in the context of paroxysmal events, the decision maker’s decision will be affected by the Framing Effect.In the disposal of unexpected events, the military has always been the mainstay. Does Framing Effect exist in students of military academies? Does these cadets show any risk preference in the face of two tasks situation in paroxysmal events, life rescue and property protection? Because of the special nature of the paroxysmal events, the decision making is often in a situation of intense time pressure, and based on the difficulty of the task and the seriousness of the consequence of the decision, the psychological quality of the decision makers is increasingly demanding, thus the following two researches will be carried out on the basis of the actual situation of the paroxysmal events:Study A, a questionnaire is conducted to verify the Framing Effect of the cadets in paroxysmal events, and to explore the impact of task context and task framework on decision-making of paroxysmal events. Study B, the impact of the decision-making framework is to be probed with the combination of the characteristics of paroxysmal tasks. The research method of laboratory experiment and the E-prime software using 2×2×2 groups design, independent variables are time pressure(time pressure, no time pressure), resilience(high resilience, low resilience), and frame(positive and negative), dependent variable is the risk preference, Combined with the results of the two studies, the following conclusions are drawn:(1) The decision of the cadets in response to paroxysmal events will be affected by the Framing Effect, and they tend to risk seeking.(2) In the context of paroxysmal events, compared with the decision of property rescue, life rescue decision is more inclined to risk seeking.(3) Task frame and task context have interactive effect on decision making in paroxysmal events. The Framing Effect on life rescue and property rescue is obvious, and under positive framework, the decision makers in the life rescue mission are more inclined to take the risk.(4) The time pressure on the decision making in paroxysmal events can strengthen the Framing Effect: the Frame Effect is obvious under time pressure and not obvious under no time pressure.(5) The mental resilience affect the Framing Effect of decision making in paroxysmal events: individuals with high mental resilience demonstrate little Framing Effect while individuals with low mental resilience show much more.(6) Time pressure and mental resilience exerts interactive influence upon the Framing Effect of decision making under paroxysmal events. The Framing Effect disappears with no time pressure. However, under time pressure, compared with the decision makers with high resilience, those with low resilience expose obvious Framing Effect.