The Rhyming Study Of Poems In The Northwest Of China In Song Dynasty

We collect 5536 poems of 127 poets from the book Quan Song Poems in the northwest of China, which are used as our study materials. By studying the actual rhyming system of these poems, we draw the conclusion that the actual rhyming system includes 18 rhyme categories. Comparing the 18 rhyme categories with the 18 rhyme categories used in the common language in Song dynasty, we find that there is no essential distinction between them. So we think that the rhyming system is influenced strongly by the common language in Song dynasty.The cross-rhyming of Shang(上) tone and Qu(去) tone in Song dynasty includes not only the cross-rhyming of Shang(上) tone, avoiced consonant, and Qu(去) tone, but also the cross-rhyming of Shang(上) tone, a voiceless consonant, and Qu(去) tone. Moreover, the quantity of the latter surpass that of the former. After demonstration, we make a conclusion that the “cross-rhyming of Shang(上) tone and Qu(去) tone” phenomenon in ancient Song dynasty’s poems is not a reflection of the change in tone in Song dynasty, but a special poetic form which is allowed in ancient poems in Song dynasty.We find that some special examples of the actual rhyming system are the result of some poets using their dialect to write poems. For example, the occurrence of cross rhyming of category Yu(鱼) and Hao(豪) dues to the fact that the pronunciation of some words of category Yu(鱼) is similar with that of the category Hao(豪) in the northwest of China in Song dynasty. At the same time, the dialect information revealed in some novels and other books in Song dynasty doesn’t exist in the actual rhyming system, so we think that it is because the poets strictly follow the poetry rules.The main content of this dissertation consists three parts which goes as follows.Firstly,we divide all the poems into classical style poems and modern style poems,and then generalize their actual rhyming system.The actual rhyming system of the classical style poems includes 18 rhyme categories.The actual rhyming system of the modern style poems is composed by 16 rhyme categories.Based on the analysis of these two rhyming systems,we finally draw the conclusion that the actual rhyming system of the poems in the northwest of China in Song dynasty consists 18 rhyme categories.They are 7 Yin Rhymes(Ge-Ge歌戈部,Jia-Che家车部,Zhi-Wei支微部,Jie-Lai皆来部,Yu-Mo鱼模部,Xiao-Hao萧豪部,You-Hou尤侯部),7 Yang Rhymes(Zhen-Wen真文部,Han-Xian�'先部,Dong-Zhong东�'�部,Jiang-Yang江阳部,Geng-Qing庚�'部,Jian-Lian监廉部,Qin-Xun侵寻部),and 4 Ru Rhymes(Wu-Zhu屋烛部,Duo-Jue铎觉部,Zhi-Ji质缉部,Yue-Tie月帖部).Secondly,there are some irregular rhyming patterns of the poems in the northwest of China in Song dynasty which mismatch the rules of the Guan Yun(广韵)system.Some of these irregular rhyming reflect the phonetic evolution in common language in Tang and Song dynasty.For instance,the cross rhyming between Jia(佳韵),Guai(夬韵),and Ma(麻韵)reveals the fact that some words of Jia(佳韵)Guai(夬韵)has changed their pronunciation into Ma(麻韵).Firstly,we list some cross-rhyming between different rhyme categories that aren’t permitted.Then,we draw an evolutionary orbit of these rhyming words in the final foot of the verses.Finally,we find that this is the reflection of some phonetic changes existing in Song dynasty.For the cross-rhyming of Shang(上)tone and Qu(去)tone,we incline to consider it into a rhyming patterns that is partially allowed in ancient poems in Song dynasty.Thirdly, we search for dialect information in some books, such as the note and novel of Song dynasty. With these materials, we analyze some special rhyming patterns and attribute the reason to the poets using their own dialect into the poems. For example, the cross rhyming of category Yu(鱼) and Hao(豪) manifests the fact that there must be some similarities between the pronunciation of some words of category Yu(鱼) and the category Hao(豪) in the northwest of China in Song dynasty.