A Study On Problems Of Urban Community Mutual-aid Elderly Care In China

In1999, China formally entered the aging society, then the population fertilityrate’s level continued to maintain a low, the elderly population’s proportion in the totalpopulation has been constantly improved. At the same time, the demand for careservices for older people was also rising, and showed the tendency of diversification,but the supply of pension services has far behind the demand. In this context, urbancommunity mutual-aid elderly care begins to rise, but due to regional differences, smallscale and scattered distribution, it is difficult to form the scale, continued to developfaces with many problems to be solved.At this present stage, the study on the urban community mutual-aid elderly care isfewer, its development status and issues have not been systematically analyze, thiscaused its concept has not been universally recognized and accepted by the public. Therefore, it is very important to systematically study the current urban communitymutual-aid elderly care.In this paper, positive aging is the main theoretical foundation, and literatureresearch and field visits are the main method to make a detailed exposition about theurban community mutual-aid elderly care. It’s also found that the current governmentpolicy, resources and other aspects to support community mutual-aid elderly care is notenough, the community work is lack of flexibility; the mutual-aid organization’s ownmanagement philosophy, risk protection and business hours exchange also exists seriousshortcomings, social mutual-aid elderly care atmosphere is not strong. This paper alsodesigns the questionnaire from the two aspects of subjective cognition and objectiveconditions to analysis the factors of the impact of the elderly to participate inorganization, the conclusion is subjective cognitive factors such as altruistic factors,self-interest factors and social responsibility and the objective conditions such as family,friends/neighbors and community have an important impact on the elderly participationbehavior.To solve these problems, this paper first introduces some foreign-related cases suchas American mutual-aid elderly care "village", Japanese neighborhood supportnetworks and Germany multivariate mutual-aid elderly care model. These modelsprovide three suggestions for development of our urban community mutual-aid elderly care. One is to play the leading role of the government, the two is to cultivate publicspirit, the three is to foster the development of non-profit organization. Secondly,discusses the development orientation of urban community mutual-aid elderly care, from social ethics and costs have proved it’s should not as a separate endowment modelbut just a useful supplementary part exists between home care and community care. Onthis basis, this paper puts forward the people-oriented, step by step, suit one’s measuresto local conditions and the sustainability as the four principles of the development ofmutual-aid elderly care, it emphasizes the mutual-aid should respect old people’sparticipation willingness, focus on protecting the legitimate interests of the elderly, anddeveloping should be carried out according to the conditions and sustainable. Finally,this paper provides feasibility suggestions from the protection and incentivemechanisms to promote the development of urban community mutual-aid elderly care.The security mechanism is mainly to play the leading role of the government, formulatethe related policy, provide funding, training and other related resources, and highlightthe community’s dominant position to integrate community resources, the organizationalbehavior is also should be standardized. The incentive mechanism is mainly through avariety of promotional tools to help residents establish mutual awareness, explore theirpotential; and through the gradual breaking small "time bank" mutual-aid elderly care’sdilemma, and encourage social service organizations for the old to participate actively.The innovation of this paper is to redefine the concept of community mutual-aidelderly, clarify the development stage and mutual-aid models, and make a detailedexposition about the solution and the future development orientation.