The Research On The Problem Of Rural Social Old-Age Service From The Perspective Of Social Capital

With the intensification of China’s population aging,the demand for elderly pension service is growing rapidly. At present,the level of China’s rural population aging is higher than that of the city,but the degree of social concern for rural pension services is much lower than that of the city.Due to the different levels of economic development and acceptance of the modern old-age service attitude,the rural ability of coping with the aging population is lower than the city,which highlights the contradictions of supply and demand of rural old-age service under the background of social transformation and two-tiered structure of rural and urban areas.At present,The resource of rural old-age service mainly comes from the families and the government. The traditional family support function of old-age service is weakening in the process of urbanization and the development of the economy and society.Meanwhile,the rural old age service provided by the government is only for "Five Guarantees" and the low-income elderly,with a low level of benefits.And the coverage and level of subsidy of new type of rural social old-age insurance also needs to be expanded and improved.This article is based on the supply and demand of rural old-age service under the condition of the insufficient family support and the lack of socialized old-age service system.The author attempts to build a rural social old-age service system which is led by government,based on family,support by community and supplemented by pensions agency,with a participation by diversified parties.Based on the social capital theory,this paper focus on the existing problem of rural old-age service in Henan province in order to get in line with rural economy and the actual needs of the elderly.Firstly,the article introduces the research background, research significance,literature review,research methods,research innovations and shortcomings.Then explains the reason why choose the view of social capital and its fit with rural social old-age service,which demonstrates the positive effects of rural social capital in improving the citizen participation, reducing transaction costs,optimizing resource allocation,promoting community cooperation and cohesion.Next,the article reviews the development process of the rural pension service of our country, summarizes the service model of home care, community care,mutual aid care and agency care.The author takes Henan Province as an example to analyze the present situation of the policy system,main mode and the regulatory mechanism of the rural old-age service,and then points out the problems such as the aging of the rural population,the weakening function of the family support and social pension services,the contradiction between supply and demand that the rural social old-age service faces.Secondly,from the perspective of social capital,the paper discusses the constraints and challenges that Henan Province’s rural old-age service faces,such as the insufficiency of rural social capital,the lack of cultivation of rural social capital and the limitations of social capital itself,which is combined with the case study of Songhe Community.Finally,this article examines social capital reconstruction and path choice for rural social old-age service development,including of cultivating personal social capital,integrating community social capital and mobilizing a variety of social capital.Besides,constructing the service-oriented Government is also necessary in establishing and improving the rural social old-age services system.