The American Community Corrections Juvenile Delinquency

The United States is one of the developed countries which has carried out community corrections at an early time and has notable achievement in the correction programs. It has formed a model which takes the Community correction as the center of penalty control and equipped with complete relative theories and systems, which plays a leading role in the world. America’s social work of under ages has lasted for nearly one hundred years while other countries’ are still in the exploring time. The government in America attach much importance to this work and support the institutional system and practical operation in both psychological and material fields. The government will arrange various activities to unite the under age criminals effectively and protect them under its safety umbrella in case they went astray. Meanwhile they founded special administrative organizations and workers different from the adult comparatives with a variety of programs. The work of under age community corrections in china is only taking shape compared to that of America. The restoration and development of the community correction work in china has a short history and that of under age are even more shorter. So it is faced with the double pressures of weak basis and bad acquired environments. This article mainly deals with the community correction work of under age in the United States trying to analyze the development and advantage in America in the aim of exploring and concluding the development theory and practical experience which suits the model in China constructing the system of under age community correction with Chinese characteristics. This text is divided into four parts:Chapter one:The history of the under age criminals’ community correction in the United States. This chapter is firstly introducing the background including the origin and the reality of the theory. Secondly it deals with the development of the history including the early form, the middle regional development and the latter relatively matured reform.Chapter two:The project of the under age criminals community correction. This chapter emphasizes on the project’s development. First, the probation of the under age criminals. Second the reinforced probation which is also known as nominal. sanction accompanying the social development including compensation, community services, reinforced probational inspection, home imprisonment, electronic tagging and appalling probation。Third is about the arrangement after release. And the last includes some other community correction projects.Chapter three:The characteristics of the under age community correction in the United states. This chapter discusses the several main traits of the correction in America:the diversity and rationalization of community correction project and the emphasis on psychological counseling of the under age.Chapter four:A reference to the under age community correction in the United States. This Chapter will propose several recommendations through the combination of current situation and emerged problems of china and the experiences and lessons of America in under age community correction:strengthening the relative legislation, verifying the item system and constructing the professional community correction teams.As the professional community correction system started late in China, and the research data are deficient, trying to master more situation of American under age community correction and to program our future thrust in this area, the text is principally comparing the difference among nations and regions and expanding with vertically analysis of the developing history.