Study On The Development Of American Agricultural Legislation And Its Enlightenment To China

Agriculture is the cornerstone of the national economy, but also the foundation of the national self-reliance, social stability and harmony. China is a large agricultural country. Since the reform and opening up, the development of agriculture and the rural economy is huge, and the conditions of farmers’living have been greatly improved. But compared with developed countries, China is still a backward agricultural country relatively. At present, the food of China is not self-sufficient completely. The income of farmers is low, and the living environment of us has suffered destruction in different degrees. The situation of international economic is complicated, and the global climate is changeable. At the same time, the pressure on the shortage of land and freshwater is getting bigger. The risks and uncertainties of agricultural development have increased. The task of developing rural economy and increasing farmers’income level is more difficult. The government of China has paying highly attention to the issue of agriculture. The document No.1of government has focused on agriculture for11years for promoting the rapid development of culture since2004to2014. Our country relies too much on the agricultural policy in agriculture administration. The start of Agricultural legislation is late, and it is not perfect. On the basis of our national conditions, absorbing foreign legislative experience is very important. It is beneficial to consummating and speeding up the process of our agricultural legislation. It is beneficial to enacting and implementing our agricultural policy. Finally, it will promote the development of agricultural economy in our country.The American has been recognized as a country with huge production and export in the world. The development of American agriculture is not only associated with its natural environment, also depends on the domestic agricultural policies and relatively perfect agricultural legal system. Agricultural legislation covers all aspects of agriculture economy in the United States. In general, the understanding to the development of the agricultural legal system will help to understand its agricultural policy orientation. In the development of American agriculture legislation, most of the problems are similar to the problems of China in now or future and they are ordinary, excluding a few special problems. Studying the useful experience of American agriculture legislation, therefore, has important practical significance to consummate our agriculture legislation and policy. On the basis of summarizing previous studies, this paper first introduces the basic situation and characteristics of the American agriculture. Secondly this paper sums up the effect of American agriculture legislation through analyzing the process of its transformation. Thirdly this paper introduces the basic situation and characteristics of China’s agriculture, and points out its deficiencies through analyzing the legislation and policy of China’s agriculture. At last, this paper put forward some useful suggestions to perfect the agricultural legislation and policies in China according to the above analysis.In the introduction this paper elaborated the practical research significance to study it, through analyzing the background of the development of the American farm bill. Then it concluded the studies of U.S. farm bill and policy at home and abroad. The studies include the study of American agriculture legislation evolution, the research about the relation between agricultural policy and multilateral trade, the study of the American political relations with agricultural policy, the research of government support to agriculture and so on. At last it introduced the methods of research and the structure of the thesis as well as innovation and inadequate in this paper.Then it analyzed the basic situation and characteristics of the agriculture. It thought that the United States adopted a policy of agricultural protection for a long time, and pay attention to agricultural education. Its agriculture production is combined with the science and technology. Its model of agriculture is family farm and the degree of regional specialization is high. At the same time, its agricultural subsidies are huge. Then it expounded the development course of American farm bill, and pointed out the effect of it, combining with the latest legislation situation. It provided a train of thought for referencing American agriculture policy under the protection of agricultural legislation.In this part, firstly it introduced the basic situation and characteristics of China’s agriculture. China is a populous country, lacking of resource. The model of agriculture is small-scale production. The cultural level of farmer is low. The science and technology of agriculture is not developed. The development of agriculture does not pay attention to ecological protection. Then it clarified the relationship between agricultural legislation and policy, and pointed out the deficiency of agricultural legislation and policy in the development of Chinese agriculture, combining with China’s central file no.1in recent years. The legalization level of agricultural policy is low. The agricultural subsidies are not strong enough, and the way of agricultural subsidies is unreasonable. We need to reform national food purchasing and storage policy. The legislation system of agricultural subsidy is still not perfect. The agricultural insurance is lack of legal support.Finally, on the basis of the above analysis and comparison, in order to promote the agricultural development of our country, this paper put forward some inspirations to our country’s development of agriculture from the agricultural subsidies, agricultural insurance, and agricultural mode of operation improvement, agriculture loans, and environmental protection.