Problems And Countermeasures Of Social Security In China

Social Security, which the government takes responsibility, redistributes national income through legislative and administrative process, and provides necessary and basic economic insurance to social members who are temporarily or permanently incapable of working or to who faced hardship or risk of survival. Due to the influence of political, economic, cultural and social environment, people have diverse understandings and cognitions about the social security in countries and regions during different historical periods. Therefore, various concepts and models of social security have been developed worldwide.Marxist Social Security Theory is based on the study and critique of Capitalistic Social Production. This theory reveals that the nature of Capitalistic Social Security is maintaining the interests of bourgeois, and concealing the exploitation to workers. Meanwhile, Marxist Social Security Theory believes that the State should take main responsibility, reduce income inequality byre distributing national income, as the essence of social security., The theory also addresses the necessity, functions, and sources of funds about the Social Security. All these have significant theoretical and practical meaning for the construction and development of China’s current Social Security system.China’. s Social Security system started and orderly developed with the establishment of People’s Republic of China. However, the "Cultural Revolution" which started from 1966, made China falling into a decade of turmoil. Social production suffered serious damage, and the development of social security programs were stagnated, during the "Cultural Revolution". The Third Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 1978set up the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The social security system had been gradually restored, and formed the socialist security system with Chinese characteristics. After the reform and opening-up, the rapid development of China’s economy had made its social security entering a period of integrated development. The success of the 18th National Congress and the Third Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC, marked China’s social security system moving towards the road of sustainable development. The meetings regarded the people’s livelihood as an important issue, deeply analyzed problems of the social security system, and pointed out the direction of China’s social security system.Even though Chinese government continues to reform and improve the social security system, contradictions and problems still exist. For example, decades of "dual-track policy" caused social discontent; divided management of medical insurance made different social groups suffering unequal health-care treatment; nation-wide social insurance haven’t achieved yet, insurance relationship hardly got connection by cross-region; although the rich fund base has certain ability to resist risks, continuing of slow economic growth and increasing of the aging population intensified pressure of the fund balance. To solve these problems, we need open-minds, advancing with times, and realistic attitudes, to treat the problems by brand-new perspectives, to work out with innovative ideas. Now, China is in a critical period of building a moderately prosperous Society, and how to deepen the reform of social security system and develop a social security system fitting China’s national conditions, affecting the healthy economic development and social harmony and stability of China.