Motives Of Chinese Local Government Innovation And That Of Business Innovation:a Comparative Study

Since the 21st century, with the deepening of the reform and development, the competition between countries has become increasingly intense, so Chinese government has started to stress the importance to improve the national innovation ability. At the same time, with the wave of globalization and informatization, the public power of the individual is increasingly highlighted. Public governance environment is undergoing profound changes, the growth of the public awareness of right and participation, growing public demand for information and data. And all these changes have already made the traditional management pattern of hierarchical government cannot meet the demand of the public. Thus, based on the transformation of government’s function, it is quite necessary for government to reengineer the process of government management and change its service methods. Similarly, for the enterprise, the wave of transformation has also encouraged increasingly diversified and different market. The competition between enterprises has become more international. To adapt to the trend, companies change the traditional concept and innovation approach, paying more attention to the people-oriented idea, adjusting the organization structure, changing the process of production and service process, implementing diversified and multinational innovation practices.Driven by the construction of an innovative country and information revolution, both of Chinese local government and enterprise implement loads of innovation practices. Their innovation behaviors lead us to think which motives encourage their innovation practices. Is there any similarities or differences between motives of Chinese local government innovation and that of Business innovation? Why do these common points and distinctions exist? Although academia researches regarding motives of local government innovation and that of business innovation power are abundant, it lacks a comparative study between the motives of local government innovation and that of business innovation. Moreover, some scholars found that the duration of Chinese local government innovation is limited and the motive of local government innovation is insufficient in some areas. So, based on the theory and model of innovation motives, New Public Management Theory and New Public Service Theory, this paper tries to explore the real motives of local government innovation and that of business innovation, comparing the differences and similarities between them and explaining the logic behind these common points and distinctions. In addition, drawing lessons from enterprise innovation, it proposes some enlightenments for local government innovationFirst of all, according to the existing researches regarding the motives of local government innovation and that of business innovation, this paper summaries and extracts the motives of local government innovation and that of business innovation separately. Based on the theories and models of innovation motives, new public management theory and new public service theory, in three perspectives of environment, organization and individual, the article refines and presents an analysis framework of the comparison between the motives of local government innovation and that of business innovation. The analysis framework contains seven concrete dimensions:demand of market and public, technological progress, government support, innovation goal, the competition between organizations, innovation system and culture, innovation willingness and ability of leaders.Secondly, according to the above analysis framework, the study outlines the similarities between motives of local government innovation and that of business innovation and explains the reasons behind them. In the view of environment, it mainly explores the similar promoting function for local government innovation and business innovation and factors behind them in three perspectives:demand of market and public, technological progress and the government policy. In the view of organization, it mainly explains the similar promoting function for local government innovation and business innovation and factors behind them in following detailed perspectives:innovation goals, competition between organizations, innovation system and culture. In the view of individual, it clarifies role of leaders in promoting innovation practices in local government and enterprise and summaries its reasons.Thirdly, in the view of environment, organization and individual, the research analyzes the distinctions and their logic of the motives of local government innovation and business innovation in similar 7 dimensions:demand, technology, policy, target, competition, system and leadership. The Differences are mainly embodied in the following aspects:different types of demand; different fields and roles of technology; distinctive forms and nature of government policy; distinctive innovation goals; distinctions in the purposes, the main bodies, areas and the way of the competition; differences in the types of incentive system for innovation, the strength of the culture and the incentive forms; different innovation motivation and innovation spirit of leaders.Finally, combined with the new public management and new public service theory, based on the conclusions of the comparative study, the article puts forward several enlightenments for local government innovation as followed:balancing the relationship between the market demand and citizen demand, reengineering government management service process in the use of information technology, improving policy arrangement for local government innovation, insisting on the importance of public interest as the fundamental goal of innovation, improving the competition relationship between local governments, developing innovation incentive system and culture for local government innovation and enhancing innovation spirit of main leaders in local government.