Research On “mining Regulations” At The End Of The Qing Dynasty

In the late Qing Dynasty, many significant changes happened at home and abroad, which provided a good opportunity for mining legislation. On the one hand, due to the need for economic development and construction of ordnance, new upsurge of mining development emerged in Guangxu years. Government-run, commercial office and joint ventures rapidly developed, much foreign capital gradually infiltrated. On the other hand, the Western powers stepped up vigorously occupied and plundered of mineral resources in China, successively obtained a lot of road construction and mining priorities, their mining capital had long been far more than the Chinese, so it made the Qing government realized that must develop mining laws and regulations to regulate them. At the same time, western countries and Japan and other countries had already had a more reasonable and completely mining regulatory system that can be learned from. Therefore, developed China’s mining legislation in the late Qing Dynasty was the general trend and the first peak of the mining legislation began. From the substantial mining regulations which was developed in twenty-four years of Guangxu to the "Great Qing Dynasty Mines Constitution" which was promulgated in thirty-three years of Guangxu and to the "Great Qing Dynasty Mines Constitution" which was modified in the second year of Xuantong, after ten years of arduous journey and removed setbacks, and finally formed a more completely Chinese early Mine Act.The author deeply studied and sorted the activities of mining legislation in the late Qing Dynasty, reproduced the development process of the legislative of mining activities in the late Qing Dynasty. The paper mainly introduced the background, the evolution process and the legislation System of the legislative of mining activities, and then, on this basis, focused on interpretation of mining sovereignty, in the form of mining operation, mining operation foreign traders and mining environment, so as to analyze the effect of the implementation of mining legislation and features, and to extract the progressive results of mining legislation of this special history, as well as the innovation that brought from the legislative achievements, to help us deeply understand the substance of the legislative of the late Qing Dynasty, and to draw lessons from history and develop now.