Development Of "Spring Fighting" In Japan

In Japan, the annual wage negotiations between the enterprise unions and the employers starts at each spring. The adoption of this negotiation also applies to an enterprise without union. This Japanese special wage negotiation system generally called as "Shunt". Shunt began in mid-1950 s, developed and finalized from late 1960 s to early 1970 s, based on the development of this decade, Shunt has been narrowly defined as "an activity leaded by the union of metal industries, customizing offensive plans to increase the wage which would in turn greatly influence other industries, SME and even public servants. " But after the first oil crisis and the bubble economy, the composition and formation of Shunt changed dramatically.In the preliminary stage, traffic strike was Shunt’s tactics background and “Shunt market” was its inherent telecommunication mode between the nonprofit industrial unions such as private railways and state-owned railway. Then until 1967, with the establishment of “Wage Offensive Meeting” by the entry of IMF-JC(metal industry union), the General Labor Federation throughout Japan began to call on "wage offensive" which later incorporated into Shunt, the initiative of Shunt then shift to civil unions. The first oil crisis has become an important turning point for Shunt. In fact, double-digit salary increases ended in the spring of 1975 Shunt, wage growth after 1976 Shunt maintained at a single digit and continuing decline. After 1991 bubble economy in Japan, wage growth under Shunt result in 5 % or even less, and the growth have remained at 1% since 2002.This article summarizes Shunt from its generation, development, finalization and transformation, comprehensively consider its effect and meaning, anticipate and predict its future based on current condition. With the comparison of Shunt, this article may analyzed and discussed both the condition and plight of collective bargaining in China, providing reference and draw some inspiration.