Research On The Ability Level And Pension Service Demands Of Elderly People In Different Endowment Patterns In Yancheng

Objective:1 To assess the elderly ability from multi-dimensions in Yancheng who were supported by families, communities and institution. And explore the impaired condition of elderly abilities and its influence factors, the influence factors of the choice of endowment patterns.2 Through the investigation of the pension services demands, we explored the difference of the pension services demands among the aged of three endowment patterns and its influence factors, in order to provide the reference for the supporting of pension services demands and related policy-making in Yancheng.Methods:A totally of 914 older senior citizens’ were investigated with<Ability assessment for older adults>, including the abilities of daily life, mental status, sensory perception and communication, and social participation. The questionnaire of pension services demands were self-developed and it comprises of 11 common demands of the aged. Ordinal Logistic Regression Model, Multinomial Logistic Regression Model and Binary Logistic Regression Model were used to analyze the influence factors of the elderly abilities, the choice of endowment patterns, and pension service demands. Structural equation model (SEM) were performed to explore the influence paths of influence factors to pension services demands.Results:1 Only 9.7% elderly comprehensive abilities level were in good condition,68.%, 11.6% and 10.6% were mild, moderate and severe impairment. Age and marital status were the main influence factors of elderly abilities’ impairment. Community-based support and institution endowment, advanced age, female, mateless were the high risk factors of elderly abilities’ impairment.2 Comprehensive and four dimensions abilities were statistical difference between the aged who were family-based support and other two models (P< 0.01), but only abilities of daily life was statistical difference between community-based support and institution endowment (P< 0.01). Compared to institution endowment elderly, the aged who were female, aged less than 80, less than junior high school, married, taking no medicine, comprehensive abilities in good condition or mild disability were trend to choose family-based support. Compared to institution endowment, the aged who were aged more than 80, less than junior school, married, suffering more than 3 chronic diseases and taking no medicine were trend to choose community-based support.311 common pension services demands were divided into 4 categories, physiological needs, security needs, spiritual and cultural needs and self-actualization needs through exploratory factor analysis. Elderly physiological needs were generally high (the percents of needs for helping with meals, helping bathing, helping cleaning were 46.5%,35.0% and 45.7%). The needs for helping with medicine and emergency acids in security needs were high (49.2%and 40.1%) and concierge service was low (19.5%). The needs for spiritual consolation, health consultation and cultural entertainment in spiritual and cultural needs were generally high (31.4%,27.7% and 26.7%, respectively), but legal service was low (7.1%). The self-actualization needs were also low (12.5%).4 Analysis of SEM showed chronic diseases had direct positive effect on physiological, security, spiritual and cultural needs, the path coefficient were 0.101, 0.117 and 0.154, respectively. Abilities of daily life had direct positive effect on physiological and security needs, the path coefficient were 0.191 and 0.169. Age had both direct and indirect effect on security needs, the total effect was 0.153. Abilities of social participation had direct negative effect on spiritual and cultural needs, the path coefficient was-0.137. Sex had both positive and negative effect on spiritual and cultural needs, the total effect was-0.150. Endowment patterns had moderating effect on the model of physiological, security, spiritual and cultural needs.Conclusion:1 The aged who were advanced age, mateless were the high risk group in the impairment of elderly abilities. We suggest that corresponding preventive measures should be adopted to prevent or delay the disability. To disability old adults, intervention measures should be adopted to improve their abilities. We suggest that evaluation system of elderly abilities should be built. Hierarchical and categorical pension services should be carried out according to the abilities level and charactertics in order to ensure the rational allocation of pension service resources.2 The pension services to meet the physiological needs are still the key points. However, on this basis, we should pay attention to the spiritual consolation and cultural entertainment in spiritual and cultural needs. The need for helping with medicine and emergency acids in security needs were the highest.3 We should make the standard of pension service supporting according to the abilities’level, priorities of the needs and characteristics of older adults in different endowment patterns.