Study On Comparison And Strategies Of Medical Education And Teaching Reform In Five Institutions In Guangdong Province

1. SummarySince the restoration of college entrance exam in1977, higher medical education has achieved rapid development in our country with clear educational orientation, a wider range of majors offered, more reasonable length of schooling and school-running model of an unprecedented quality. Meantime, a unified higher education system including school medical education, medical education after graduation and continued medical education was established initially. Due to the rapid social and economic development, medical staff trained under the traditional medical education mode could not satisfy the social need under the current life-psychology-society-environment mode. Various factors like the rapid increase and aging of modern population, the change of spectrum of disease and spectrum of death cause has changed the pattern of medical education worldwide and are imposing new demands and tests on the traditional medical education in our county. It is imperative that higher medical education in our country be reformed.As the province of the most prosperous economic development and fastest development in China-Guangdong, its dense population, fast life pace,and rapid economic and science and technology development provide favorable conditions for the development of higher medical education as well as pose challenges to medical talents, medical environment and the quality of medical service. In responding to deepening the comprehensive reform in education advocated by the central party at the18th national congress, major institutions responsible for medical staff training in Guangdong carried out medical education reform of certain scale and achieved initial success. However, some problems were exposed in the processes which are worth investigating, analyzing and dealing with.In accordance with the principle of starting from reality, and laying ground for theory by summary of the current status of the teaching reform of higher medical education in China on the basis of literatures study, this thesis investigates five major institutions for medical staff training in Guangdong from the perspectives of teaching pattern, teaching method and curriculum setting, analyzing the problems during the teaching reform of medical education. The thesis explores the common factors affecting all institutions during the reform as well as the factors affecting each institution and puts forward solutions and suggestions accordingly.2. Research Objective2.1To investigate the current status of teaching reform of medical education and special features of five major institutions for medical staff training in Guangdong from the perspectives of teaching pattern, teaching method and curriculum setting by literatures study, semi-structure interview and questionnaire survey.2.2To analyze the problems and main affecting factors during the teaching reform of medical education of five major institutions for medical staff training.2.3To put forward constructive solutions and suggestions according to the common factors affecting all institutions during the reform as well as the factors affecting each institution. 3. Significance of studyThroughout the recent years, China’s medical education and teaching reform primarily draws lessons from the medical education system in the West and Taiwan Province. However, at the macro level, different countries, historical backgrounds, cultural concepts, and social situation certainly exerts influences on the structure of talent cultivation; at the micro level, the practice of medical education and teaching reform is differed in universities that are located in diverse regions and are with various historical backgrounds. As a result, in the process of higher medical education reform, China needs to embrace reform with Chinese characteristics.This study focuses on the medical education and teaching reform in five key medical talent cultivation institutes in Guangdong Province, which is the leading province in China’s reform and opening up. The achievements and problems in the reform will be discussed; several common and individual suggestions will be proposed considering actual situation in each university. Therefore, this study provides reference value and significance for the development of medical education in Guangdong Province.4. Object of studyThe scope of this study covers five major talent cultivation institutions in Guangdong Province that have set up medical-related majors---Southern Medical University, Shantou University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Jinan University, and Guangzhou Medical College. The object of study involves senior students studying Clinical medicine (five-year) from the year of2009and some excellent teachers actively engaging in teaching work. The five institutions includes universities in National Project211, national key universities and ordinary colleges. Some of these are public universities affiliated with the Ministry of Education; some belong to the Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council; and others are jointly managed by the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Province and certain Foundations.5. Methodology5.1Literature research:the literature review focuses on the subject of study. Relevant information of teaching models, methods and curricula of higher medical education in the five institutions are collected and analyzed, so as to learn the current medical education reform of major talent cultivation institutions in Guangdong Province. Moreover, it provides an important theoretical support for the semi-structured interviews and questionnaire design at the late stage.5.2Semi-structured interviews:According to the basic information of these five institutions’ teaching reform analyzed in literature review, outlines of semi-structured interviews are developed and semi-structured interviews are conducted with some teachers and students in two universities. Their opinions relating to current medical teaching are investigated in the interview, providing material and reference for the questionnaire design.5.3Questionnaires:Based on the purpose of study, questionnaires are designed to investigate the medical education and teaching reform in five institutions. The content is divided into three aspects---teaching modes, teaching methods, and curriculum. It aims at understanding teachers’ and students’ opinions and satisfaction of current medical education, as well as the necessity, main problems and influencing factors in carrying out the teaching reform. In order to facilitate analyzing and comprising in the late period, questionnaires are designed respectively for teachers and students; questions are designed as interrelated while differed. There are14questions for students, including9single-choice questions and5multiple choice questions;19questions for teachers,13single-choice and6multiple choice.5.4Statistical Methods:SPSS17.0and statistical software EXCEL are used to analyze survey questionnaires. This descriptive statistical analysis utilizes mean figures, standard deviation, percent, P values, and other relevant statistical methods to ensure that the data obtained can meet the need of preliminary survey.5.5Induction and Comparative Method:The study combines induction and comparative method to sort out and analyze statistical data. While comparing the medical education reform in five institutions, the study analyses factors affecting the teaching reform in each institution and summarizes common and individual factors.6. Findings of study6.1This study makes a researching inquiry of the basic information of medical education and teaching reform in five institutions in Guangdong Province, as well as teachers’and students’feedbacks concerning teaching modes, teaching methods and curriculum. Through descriptive statistical analysis, it can be known that teachers and students in Shantou University are most satisfactory to the current medical teaching condition. Meanwhile, it is found that teachers and students in these five institutions take similar attitude towards the necessity to carry out medical education reform. They consider it is rather necessary to carry out the reform in each institution.6.2Through semi-structured interviews and questionnaires, it can be learnt that the main factors influencing the teaching reform in these five institutions are composed of several aspects. To be specific, these factors include conditions of each institution (historical background, scale, students, financial support, etc.), the matching degree of teaching materials and teaching resources, teachers’teaching capabilities with the new teaching mode, teachers and students’interests on the new models, new methods and new curricula, and other aspects.6.3Through literature review and questionnaire, problems of medical education and teaching reform in these five universities are analyzed. 7. Conclusions7.1The study carried out the necessity of medical education teaching reform in five target colleges.7.2The influencing factors of these five target colleges’ medical education teaching reform can be summarized as general factors and individual factors. The general factors mainly come from the degree of teachers’ and students’ interest in the new model, teaching resources and the matching degree of teaching materials, teachers master skills of new teaching methods and students accept situation. What’s more, individual factors come from five research colleges’historical background, school size, funding students’ composition, construction, etc.7.3Colleges should be combined with their actual situation, give full play to their strengths, and to pay more attention to medical education reform. To make a transition from traditional teaching mode, method and the curriculum to modern medical education mode gradually, to be in line with the student-centered concept attaches importance to the cultivation of student’s capacity for independent innovation. For those have not enough teaching scale and ability colleges and universities can take the reform of the joint and other medical personnel training colleges, in the form of exchange reform train of thought, good reform path and the plan for reference. For those have large scale, strong teaching force, abundant reserves colleges should intensify the reform of medical education teaching, make in-depth implementation of the modern teaching mode, teaching method and the cross application of integrated curriculum construction as soon as possible. In order to match teaching resources and environment, perfect the new mode of teacher training system and to make the teacher equipped with the flexible ability to use modern teaching methods as soon as possible. At the same time, we should listen to the effect feedback in teaching practice of the new mode of teaching, so as to constantly improve and correct teaching process. In addition, they need more mature experience for reference such as Britain and the United States and Hong Kong and Macao medical education mode, and then build a set of suitable evaluation system for the university, so that more scientific grasp the effect of teaching reform.Those colleges and universities who have already achieved initial results on the road of teaching reform should be constantly sum up the experiences and find problems in the process of reform, and combine the existing resources and perfect the teaching system of new education mode to form a complete set of teaching material compilation and design which must be more use of value, but also, to match the teaching outline and the ministry of education regulations more smoothly, as far as possible to avoid omission or duplication.8. Characteristics and innovation of the research8.1Practical:the characteristic and innovation of this study is that the former research mostly from the theory to discuss our country’s current situation and trend of medical education reform existing problems and countermeasures. In this paper, we combined theory with practice. The research topic is derived from the teaching practice and related literature theory, finally through interview and questionnaire research return to practice. Therefore, it has certain practical guiding significance for higher medical colleges and universities education teaching reform.8.2Innovation:In the process of literature we learned that the current medical education research has not yet found a foothold in Guangdong province, mostly based on individual institutions or medical personnel training unit as an example to present them in the teaching reform practice summarizing achievements or to explore the problems existing reason. These five major medical colleges and universities in Guangdong province, on a certain condition were investigated and summarized the medical education of Guangdong province, and we have given some reform countermeasures combined with the characteristics of five colleges and universities which have a certain originality and creativity.