The Study Of "Migration Black Hole":the Formation And Results

The human migration history is a history of the development of political, economic and cultural."Migration black hole" is a strange phenomena that occurs during migration. It refers to an attractive city or region (usually refers to economically developed large cities or regions), which is like a "black hole", sucking large numbers of floating population, and few people are willing to come out again. The population of the city which is like a "Black hole" becomes larger and larger, and the city develops to be more and more attractive.Physically, "black hole" has a strong appeal. For people with the ability of rational choice, the benefits are the biggest attraction, while the city’s competitiveness is the most important manifestation of attraction. How is a very competitive city formed? On the one hand, these areas have an advantage in the natural environment by geographical and climate conditions, a vast market hinterland,which creates a good natural advantage in their economic development. Policies are the other advantages. For the pursuit of development speed and efficiency, the government take a serious of measures to cultivate some growth pole, such as administrative classification, tax preference policies, resource centralizing, cities which benefits from this develop rapidly. This is called right place, right time and right people.Shanghai is a typical city which has advantages in both innate and acquired factors. Shanghai is located in the Yangtze River, it has a vast hinterland market and a good history of accumulation. After its inception, Shanghai is the trade center of China, Asia and even of the world trade center. When the new China was founded, the state adopted the policy that is closed to the outside world. This created a barrier for Shanghai to play its advantages. Since 1992, it began to open up and develop Pudong, and Shanghai’s economic grows rapidly. In addition to good economic foundation, its developments mainly due to a series of preferential policies, such as the policy of opening up and developing Pudong, Free Trade Zone, the establishment of a free trade area and a variety of high-quality resources. From the splendid achievement before 1949,to the cold reception after the establishment of new China and today’s glory once again, Shanghai’s development process reflects the important influence of policy for a city’s destiny.Huge foreign population brings vitality for Migration black hole. It promotes the effectiveness of human resources into full play, guarantee the sustained, rapid growth of economy. But it also inevitably leads to Urban diseases such as environmental pollution, congestion. Unbalanced development between labor-outflow and labor-input cities is a prominent problems. Unbalanced development between regions will widen the gap between rich and poor, and intensify social contradictions. So, when the flow of economic resources on high return go into "migration black hole", policy adjustment, macro, and other transfer payments that can reduce regional disparities, easing social conflicts become an inevitable choice. Japan and Germany have advanced and rich experience in coordinating regional development. Learning from them, and combining with our own actual situation, we can solve these questions encountered. We can strengthen the infrastructure in backward areas, we can break market segmentation between regions, we also should improve legislation to protect the policy implementation, etc.