Research Of The Fertility Problems In Rural Areas Under The "Selective Two-Child Policy" Background

China has faced serious population problems before the implementation of the "selective two-child policy" in2014, such as the lower natural growth rate, the sex ratio imbalance etc. There are some problems of fertility, such as the lower total fertility rate, imbalance of the sex ratio at birth etc. Those problems are more serious in the developed countryside. According to the nation fertility intention survey data, we can find that fertility intention is not high, the number of fertility application is far less than the expected targets of the policy in China.After the implementation of the "selective two-child policy", we have a research about the condition of fertility behavior.we take the S village in the W town of Jiaxing city of Zhejiang province as the case, to find whether they change the fertility desire. Comparing with the fertility behavior before the policy and after the policy, and based on fertility application situation of child-bearing age couple in Zhejiang and the nation, we find that the reason why the "selective two-child policy" did not reach its aim is that:First, the rural women of childbearing age and their families face economic, time, energy issues, which is the most important reason. Second, in the era of globalization, people’s fertility concept has changed a lot, they are lack of the awareness of social responsibility to promote the balanced development of population and consideration about fertility problems from sustainable development of the family, society and national perspective. Grassroots planning staff only focus on fertility indicator, pays insufficient attention to the balanced population development of the region. Meanwhile, the government must attach great importance to how to improve the social security about the one-child policy since the1980s which results in "loss of independence" of the family.The paper puts forward some suggestions from the national level, the social level and the civil level to enhance the awareness of social responsibility and to promote the balanced development of the population. Only the people are well-being and health, the social and economic development is sustainable, can the country realize the long-term prosperity and stability. At the national level, our country should adjust fertility policy from the long-term stability. Government, especially local government, should make detailed fertility policy to realize implementation. Local government should adhere to the people-oriented objectives, support the development of sound policies and fertility related policies, laws and regulations to take more responsibility for the purpose of improving the social security system, such as taking measures to reduce the cost-sharing portion of women of childbearing age and their families. For those who meet the "two children alone" condition but can not re-birth of the family, government need to compensate them, especially for the "lost only child" amilies, government need to take full responsibility. At the social level, we should build a harmonious society, and take more care and necessary help for those "lost only child" family and the family which has pension difficulty. At the Civil level, citizen should take the responsibility of national interests, and enhance awareness of social responsibility to promote the balanced development of the rural population, and establish a correct concept of fertility.