| Objective:Heart rate variability (called HRV for short below) is recognized by clinical medical research as a noninvasive autonomic nervous evaluation method. HRV is one very meaningful indicator in quantitative judging on the status of Cardiovascular autonomic nervous function. In the field of sports training, HRV can be used to assess athlete’s athletic ability and evaluate the effect of exercise training on autonomic nervous system. This study chose students with different specific sport major(sprint and badminton) and non-sport major students in Xi’an Physical Education University as objects, respectively tested their HRV in quiet status, during step experiment and recovery period after exercise, to find the difference of HIV among students with different sport major, and explore the effects of different sports on college students’Cardiac autonomic nervous system.Methods:36 different Majors (Male) in Xi’an Physical Education University for the study, of which 12 people were non-sport group, badminton group of 12 people,12 people sprint group. Three groups were respectively tested in quiet status, during step experiment and recovery period after exercise, recorded their HRV in different period, then make statistic analysis on those data.Results:1. In quiet status:the resting heart rates of both group sprint and badminton were lower than non-sport; and there was an obviously difference between group badminton and non-sport.(P<0.05).2. In 3min Harvard step test:the step index of group badminton was significantly higher than group non-sport and the sprint, and there was a significant difference (P<0.01); the heart rate of group non-sport was significantly higher than the other two groups, Group non-sport had an obviously difference with group badminton group (P <0.01), the difference between the non-sport and the sprint was bigger (P<0.05).3.After 3min rest:The results of the time-domain index showed that HR, SD1, SD2, RMSSD of group badminton were significantly higher than the other two groups, and there was a significant difference (P<0.01); the frequency domain index TP, VLF of group badminton had a very significant difference with the non-sporting (P<0.01),HF had a significant difference (P<0.05); and comparing group badminton with group sprint on this index, TP, LF had a significant difference (P<0.01), VLF, HF, LF/HF ratio had significant difference (P<0.05).4.5min before 12min step test:The differences of HR exited among the three groups, and there were very significant differences among them(P<0.01); the time-domain index SD1 and RMSSD of non-sport group had a significantly difference both with badminton group and sprint group (P<0.05); there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the frequency domain index LF of non-sport group and badminton group.5.7min after 12min step test:HR of group badminton had very significant difference with other two groups (P<0.01); the time-domain indexes SD1,RMSSD of group sprint had significant differences with the other two groups (P<0.05); frequency domain index TP, VLF of non-sport group had significant difference comparing group badminton (P<0.05).6. First 3min of recovery after 12min step test:The HR of group badminton had very significant difference comparing with the other two groups (P<0.01), there was significant difference between non-sport group and the sprint group (P<0.05); the time-domain indexes SD1,SD2, RMSSD of group badminton were obviously different from that of non-sport group (P<0.01);the SD2 of group badminton was significantly different from that of group sprint (P<0.01),and SD1, RMSSD of the badminton had more significant differences than that of the sprint (P<0.05); the frequency domain index TP, VLF, HF of the badminton had a very significant difference comparing with the sprint and the non-sport.(P<0.01); The LF of group badminton was distinctly different from that of group sprint and non-sports group (P<0.05); and the LF/HF of badminton group and sprint group were significantly different (P<0.05).7.6min after recovery period from 12min step test:HR of group badminton had very significant difference comparing with other two groups (P<0.01), non-sport group and sprint group had significant difference (P<0.05); the time-domain indexes SD1,RMSSD of badminton group had very significant differences comparing with that of group non-sport (P<0.01),SD2 had more significant differences (P<0.05), comparing with group sprint, SD1,RMSSD of badminton group had significant differences (P<0.05). Frequency domain indexes TP, LF, HF, LF/HF of badminton group and non-sport group were significantly different (P<0.01); LF,HF,LF/HF of badminton group comparing with sprint group were very obviously different(.P<0.01), TP had a significant difference (P<0.05); the VLF of badminton group compared with the other two group showed significant differences (P<0.05).8. The variation trend of RMSSD, LF, HF in three different stage:in quiet status, RMSSD, LF, HF of the three group are all at a high level. And then had a obviously decrease during 3min step test, what’s more, the degree of each decrease was consistent; 3min rest period after step test, each data had a certain rise, and group badminton was the most obvious one. During the 12min step test, all were declined, and still group badminton was the most obvious one. Then rising during the recovery period after 12min step test, group badminton was samely the most one.Conclusion:1. In quiet status, sports major students and non-sports Major students have difference only on HR, and badminton Majors have the lowest HR. Which suggests that long-term aerobic exercise can help the sub-maximal exercise more clearly in quiet status;2. physical exercise in different ways in different sports have different impact on HRV of during exercise and recovery period after exercise, as opposed to sprint Majors, badminton Majors have better heart rate variability;3. Whether it is in the sub-maximal or maximal exercise in the process, HRV of sports majors are better than that of non-sports specialty and badminton majors’ HRV are the best, which suggests that long-term aerobic exercise can enhance the adaptability of cardiac autonomic nervous.that point out long-term aerobic exercises are able to adapt to different exercise intensity and different body states faster and better. |
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