| During the Republic of China, there have been many talented people in every field and different kinds of thoughts in such a special era background both at home and abroad. In educational field, it emerged a large number of very intelligent people who regarded education as the foundation of a country. To save the suffering country and enhance the comprehensive national strength, they focused on the education of gifted children eagerly.Gifted children, also known as "Child prodigy" in ancient China, the education of "Child prodigy" has a long history, and the rage of modern western civilization gave birth to the scientific research on gifted children, thus produced the ideology and practice of gifted children during the period of the republic of China which is the research object in this paper. This paper aims to analyze and induct the development of the object, not only enriching the study of educational history during the period of the republic of China, especially filling the gaps in this research field, but also providing the opportunity to think about the dream "genius" phenomenon nowadays.This research intends to divide the period of the development into three stages: the first stage (1912-1928) is the brewing and sprouting during the New Culture Movement period; the second stage (1929-1938) is the systematic development in the early stage of the Nanking National Government; the third stage (1938-1949) is the further exploration in the late stage of Nanking National Government.The first part probes into the brewing and sprouting of gifted children of education ideology during New Culture Movement period, the tradition of education about gifted children attached by the feudal dynasties of past ages and since the beginning of the 20th century research achievements of gifted children in western society those all treated as a brewing period of ideological basis. Finally, it burst the educational ideology and theory about gifted children and the preliminary educational planning for gifted children in New Culture Movement period.The second part discusses the systematic development of educational ideology about gifted children in the early stage of the Nanking National Government. In this stage, the study of child development and rising opened the mysterious veil for gifted children from the traditional imprisonment. It not only draws a comprehensive understanding for gifted children through discussing the intellectual performance, physical characteristics, socialization, etc. But also selects gifted children by teachers’ judgment and intelligence test, finally discusses the education of gifted children through the reasonable organization, proper material selection, etc.The third part focuses on the practice about the gifted children--the founding of Shanghai Special City the First Experimental Primary School and the Experimental Primary school of Wu Xi Middle School. It analyzes from the survey about selecting gifted children, experiment plans, the analysis of practice achievement on genius education practice respectively, providing beneficial thinking.The fourth part introduces the further exploration of gifted education ideology in the early stage of the Nanking National Government. Since the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, the turbulent social environment hindered the development and communication of education ideology seriously. The education ideology of gifted children of also struggles for further exploration in this stage, dealing with the relationship between talent education and national destiny, the adaptation problem among gifted children, the similarities and differences between special class and ordinary, etc.At last, the epilogue summaries and analysis the overall development situation about the education ideology and practice of gifted children during the period of the republic of China, affirming that the ideological achievements and practice course has a pioneering historical status and significance during the period. |
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