Research On The Development Of The Bureaucratization Of University In China

In China, the discussion about the bureaucratization of university has been in the ascendant, and there is still a long way to go for the De-administrationalization.The bureaucratization of university touchs on the issue that the realationship between government and university, at this stage, it is also an unavoid problem while promoting the modernization of higher education governance system and governance capacity. So, the theoretical and practical problems in the bureaucratization of university need to be deeply studied and identified.In fact, The administrationalization of university is the bureaucratization of university, refers to, should be Weber’s saying that the bureaucratic organization structure and management style which be widely used in the organization and management of higher education,that makes the university which be academic organization gradually has the the attributes or characteristics of the bureaucracy.This bureaucratization has two means, the first, the government relying on its legal power base, dynamically and continuously expand the management of higher education, ensure the normal operation of the internal coordination, thus forming the government administrative system of higher education;the second, institutional logic of bureaucratic has gradually extended to internal logic of university, Universities show Bureaucracy characteristics, such as, exercise power according to the law and rules, clear responsibilities and distinct level, professionalization and impersonalization orientation. The process of the bureaucratization of university is actually the process of the university going to the institutionalization.The bureaucratization of university is the inevitable result of the development of higher education. With the increasing prominence of the university functions, scale ex panding of universities and complexity of university affairs and academic activities to wards specialization, the tendency of university bureaucratization is inevitable. From t he perspective of the philosophy, the higher education mainly through the political phi losophy to establish the legitimacy of its own existence, institutional autonomy and ac ademic freedom should be limited, the bureaucratization of university is necessary; Fr om the perspective of economics, behavior of university can be divided into university control mode, market mode and bureaucratic control mode, the disadvantages of university control mode are closed and conservative, completely follow market logic is unf avorable to the development of higher education, the bureaucratic management have t heir advantages and indispensable; From the perspective of management, the bureaucr atization’s inner spirit of the rule of law, the procedural justice and the reasonable rule s to the management of university is very necessary. Moreover, the system rigidity an d the spirit of academic autonomy and academic freedom are not in conflict.Administrative management of the University generates in modern times(from the Opium War in 1840 to the founding of new China in 1949), extended in the early days, after the reform and opening up has been continuously adapted. Phase characteristics of its development, is generated in terms of the following main aspects.Firstly, the central government completed the design of the system of higher education. Secondly, the government appointed directly by staff of the organization and management of higher education institutions. Thirdly, the government is the main or even the only source of funding of higher education institutions. On extension of terms, mainly in the following aspects. Firstly, management Legalization previewed.Secondly, the Affiliation of management model was adjusted Thirdly, the leadership system was changed. On adjustment of terms, mainly in the following aspects. Firstly,the external management system has being debugged. Secondly, the internal operation mechanism was adapted. Thirdly, the administrative management model has began to build and improve the modern university system with Chinese characteristics for the main thrust of the new exploration.In fact,The problems of the bureaucratization of university in China refers to that lacking power constraints, it expressed in excessive and insufficient of the bureaucratization. On the one hand, the government and the administrative power controls too much and strong,ignore their own law of higher education and the inherent logic of academic activities, it is excessive bureaucratization; power, on the other hand,(including the power of the government, the power of the administrative departments of colleges and universities, and even the power of the academic elite)operation and exercise with great randomness, not even limited and constraints, reject and against the specification of laws and regulations, doesn’t reflect the concept of the law and the rigidity of the system, it is deficient bureaucratization. Investigate its reason, mainly has three points: firstly, the lag of higher education management idea;Secondly, macro management system of higher education reform slowly; thirdly, theinternal operating mechanism is unsound in higher education. Fundamentally, it still lies in the disadvantages of the system.Develop the bureaucratization of university in China, is throughing the establishing and perfecting related laws and institutions, formatting the reasonable constraints on power, thus to achieve the true sense of the university bureaucratization.Above all, the government should change the roles and functions, and optimize the education regulation and constantly improve the capacity and consciousness of serving higher education and universities. At the same time, perfect the education legislation, strengthen the legal construction. Secondly, colleges and universities should strengthen the construction system, deeping the reform of internal management system. On the one hand, to strengthen the construction of the articles of association,promote administration according to law; Down the focus of management, on the other hand, perfect the running mechanism of academic power. Finally, introducting social force reasonably, and giving related institutional guarantee. For this, developing intermediary organizations, transforming the regulatory mode of higher education;Expanding the social cooperation and establishing long-term effective mechanism of college independent running; Adopting the system of board of directors and perfecting the institutional guarantee of social support and supervision.