| The large-scale migration of Chinese population between “city and countryside” took its first step in 1970 s, and became active in the mid-1980 s. At that time, the reform of social institution and economic system facilitated the drastic implementation of non-balanced development strategy nationwide. In other words, it took the lead in investing scarce resources in highly efficient sections in exchange of rapid development of the regional economy. In a transient time, different production factors, including human capital, science and technology, and fund, agglomerated in the region and generated economies of scale. Thus, the core of economic development was gradually formed. Furthermore, with the economic development being driven by the characteristics of the dependency and relevancy of regional spatial structure, sub-high regions achieved development in the society, economy and industry. This spatial agglomeration effect of social economy directly led to “the eastern part’s superior to the middle part, and the middle part’s superior to the western part” in population and economic pattern in China. Moreover, the internal resource endowment and economic stock of different regions also showed a certain degree of inclination. While confronting with the tremendous economic difference between the inter-region and the internal part, the group of migration, which was the ideal economic man, determinedly decided to give up the migration for agricultural production to engage in non-agricultural employment in cities and towns under the pursuit of economic benefit and high-quality life. However, population migration is not simply spatial displacement, the flow and intensity that accompany the migration will simultaneously trigger variations of the pattern of population layout and economic development in the origin and destination of the migration.Shizhu County of Chongqing is taken as the example, and individuals in migration are taken as the object of this research. Based on relevant theories of population geography and economics, the mechanism of the spatial-temporal evolution of population migration in country territories and the influence of migration activities on the society and economy of the origin place are studied through the statistical material and data of on-the-spot investigation. It is hoped that the internal spatial distribution information of the migrated population in Shizhu County between 2004 and 2014 can be restored authentically. Thus, a solid basis can be provided to the formulation of feasible population and economic development strategies. The central conclusion are:(1) The distribution of population and economy manifests the trend of non-balanced development. In comparison with the districts and counties in Chongqing, the population scale in the research area is relatively small and the density of population is low. Population distribution is extremely unbalanced in villages and towns, and there’s a larger population in the west than the east. In the direction “northeast—southwest”, the population is dense in the west and sparse in the east. Moreover, the dense and sparse population is mutually overlapped. The villages and towns in which the population of ethnic minorities is highly crowded are Nanbin Town, Xialu Town, Linxi Town and Sanhe Town respectively, which are mainly distributed in Pingba District along the river, as well as trough valley and low mountainous region. Population distribution in different types of landform manifests significant differences in vertical zonality. Population distribution has been in a non-balanced state in Shizhu County in 2014, and the degree of population and economic development is significantly higher in the west than the east.(2) The basic characteristics of the migrant population are mutually overlapped with the attributive characters of the society and economy. The migrant population is mostly young adults with generally low poor education background. Migration for the sake of labor and business occupies the absolute predominance. The population is mostly migrated into spaces with high salary and resource allocation, namely, spaces beyond the province. After the migration, the population is mostly engaged in low-level work. The spatial agglomeration effect of population migration manifests significant and relatively strong spatial heterogeneity. In the research area, population migration manifests relatively strong global positive correlation as a whole, and the degree of spatial agglomeration is rising continuously. The agglomeration effect of high-value cluster(hot spot) is more significant than the low-value cluster(cold spot), and spatial heterogeneity and structural differentiation continues to enhance. The characteristics of spatial-temporal evolution of the hot spot of population migration expands from gradual agglomerated variation to stripped shape along the river and stripped distribution from “northeast—southwest”, and the cold spot doesn’t manifest significant variation. The hot spot of the migration of rural population has experiences the development trend from “dispersed to multi-core”, and the cold spot is scattered along the edge zone of the county in the form of shrinking.(3) The various internal factors drive population migration to different extents. The individual characteristic can thoroughly explain individual’s migration behavior and manifest significantly in the model. However, the total family income, quantity of labor and actual acreage under cultivation in family factors, the landform of the region in the natural factors, and the non-agricultural income in social and economic factors play a more crucial role in individual’s migration-concerning decision-makings than the degree of road junction. Therefore, under the basically same exterior environment, multiple factors should be integrated to comprehensively and intensively analyze the influence of interior environment on population migration. Meanwhile, the influence of the complicated landform and special population characteristics of the mountainous area on population migration should also be taken into consideration. Instead of “imposing uniformity in all cases”, specific circumstances should be considered differentially, for example, both family burden and the landform manifest the uniqueness and complexity.(4) Population migration exerts positive and negative effect on the internal social and economic development of the region. The cities and towns have witnessed the transformation of Shizhu County in the social and economic form. With superior resources and economic condition, it has gradually become the zone with the convergence of population and capital, which further triggers the immigration of a large rural population. While promoting the social and economic development of the area of origin and destination, the population migration between “cities and villages” will also trigger a series of social issues. The different influence of population migration on the economy and the society of different regions should be envisaged, and pertinent solutions should be proposed in accordance with the negative influence. |
PDF Full Text Request