Historical Investigation Of The Industrial Proiects The Soviet Aided To China In The Second Five-year Plan Period

During the cold war, the Soviet Union adopted various means including industrial projects aid, which is one of the basic ways of economic aid, to maintain a fraternal relationship among the Socialist Party. As the largest recipient country, China, which copied the "Soviet-style" completely, built "156projects" based on the Soviet Aid during the First Five-year Plan Period. But for China, the fundamental purpose of accepting foreign aid was to support the domestic construction out of necessity. Our development was abound to experience the transformation from "transfusing" to "producing" in the long term. Therefore, how to seek foreign aid properly on the basis of self-reliance became the basic guiding direction in the Second Five-year Plan Period. The Soviet Union provided132industrial projects to China as its aid in the period of the Second Five-year Plan among which70%of the projects were devised all by Chinese people. The Soviet Union aided China for the sake of supporting and controlling. The variables measuring aid effects were mainly concentrated on the identities of political stand, other than economic effects. So, when the exploring of Chinese independent development triggered the conflicts of national interests and ideology between the two countries, the implementation of the aid to China inevitably fell into difficulties. The Soviet Union unilaterally withdrew the aid to China, those industrial projects had to suspend as a result. Therefore, when the road of independent development which China approached triggered the Soviet authority, they began to have disagreements. From the disagreements of the policy orientation in the late50s to the battlements of the legitimacy of the ideology in the early60s, the Soviet Union pressed China by economic ways finally, which leaded to the termination of the aid in this period. As for the Soviet Union, this destroyed the economic basis of the alliance as a result of the canceling of the aid. However, it’s a necessary road to the self-reliance of the industrial constructions for China. The aid projects kept during the Second Five-year Plan Period became indispensable strength for the economic constructions in the future.