Research On The Reform Of American Railway(1970s-1990s)

The glorious period of railway development is in19thcentury,through thedevelopment of the westward movement,America has a vast land,the development ofland and economic followed by the wave of constructing railway.With the popularity ofrailways has brought a series of problems,so the interstate commerce commission wasestablished by the US government to regulate the railway industry,it was graduallystrengthened in the20thcentury.As the rising control of regulation，other means oftransport and Sunrise Industry continuously rise,the position of railway had collapsed andwas facing unprecedented crisis.In order to alleviate the railway crisis,the USgovernment issued a series of laws to promote the railways in1970s to1990s,thevigorous railway reform happened in history.This article mainly discusses into three parts of railway reform.The first part is the introduction,firstly introduce the paper’s selected topicbackground,research purpose and meaning,secondly introduce domestic and foreignresearch situation,thirdly introduce the research contents and research methods,finallyintroduce the characteristics, innovation and inadequacy.The second part is the main part of the article,divided into three chapters to carry onthe detail,the first chapter discusses the background and problems of railway reform ofAmerica in the1970s,the background is mainly external causes of railway reform.It isdiscussed from six aspects.They are respectively the contribution of railway in Americanhistory,alternative means of transport for the impact of the railway,enterprise layout andindustrial structure changes into the lost of railway transportation advantage,the rising ofSunrise Industry cause significant damage to the railway,the government and the massesprovides social foundation for the railway reform,the new liberalism and conservatismprovides the ideological basis for the railway reform.American railroads are faced withthe problems mainly have six aspects.This is the internal causes of railway reform.Theyare government regulation strictly and enterprises lack of autonomy,declining marketshare and inreasonable price,long time passenger serious losses,part of the railwaycompanies faced bankruptcy,redundancy phenomenon seriously and inefficient,singlebusiness and blocked marketing.The second chapter discusses the content of American railway reform from1970s to1990s.The basis of American railway reform are some actsthat the federal government promulgated from1970s to1990s.The acts include thenational railway passenger transportation act,the regional railway reorganization act,therailway reconstruction and regulation reform act,the staggers act and the interstatecommerce commission to terminate act.The contents of railway reform are from sixaspects.The first is the management system for passenger and cargo separation andseparate government functions from enterprise management.The second is thecompetition of releasing rate and regulating market.The third is the enterprise assetsreorganization and joint merger integration aspects.The fourth is deregulation andindependent management mode of operation.The fifth is internal management ofstreamlining employees and improving quality.The sixth is marketing of business varietyand proper strategy.The third chapter discusses the effect,evaluation and influence ofAmerican railway reform from1970s to1990s.The effects mainly divided into twoaspects on the analysis about the effect of railway passenger transportation reform andfreight reform.The influence is mainly to the United States,Canada,and China’s currentrailway reform.The third part is the conclusion,it is mainly for generalization and summarization ofthe whole railway reform.It gives everyone a overall impression about American railwayreform from1970s to1990s,and have a certain outlook on railway reform.