A Comparative Study On The Urbanization Modes Of America,Japan, And Brazil

The emergence and urbanization of the city is not only the inevitable result of social progress and development, but also the main symbol of social civilization. Urbanization, derived from Europe, has its universal characters and varies within the international contexts, the domestic development stages and political systems of different countries or regions, which results in different types and modes of urbanization. From the nations’ perspective, the world’s urbanization mode can be divided into the early-developed nation mode, UK, the Netherlands and the United States as the representatives, and the late-developed nation mode, represented by Germany and Japan, as well as Brazil’s developing nation mode.This paper is divided into three parts. The first part is the first chapter, the introduction, including the literature review of urbanization, the structure and the research methods.The second part is the body of this paper, from chapter two to chapter four. These three chapters study the characteristics of different nations’urbanization modes. The second chapter discusses features the United States’early-developed urbanization modes which can be divided into three process, the initial stages from1790to1830, the acceleration phase from1830to1930and the highly urbanized stage from1930to now. Its Urbanization is too early to face pressure from the international community; therefore the US has plenty of time to gradually resolve problems in the process of urbanization, with less State and government intervention and essentially relying on the power of the society and market. The third chapter gives thought to the traits of Japan’s late-developed urbanization mode. Japan’s urbanization, the "Meiji Restoration" as the starting point, roughly includes four periods, the early urbanization before the World War Ⅱ, the reconstruction early after the World War Ⅱ, the accelerated urbanization and the improvingly high urbanization. The severe national crisis, the decentralized feudal system and tight time pressure lead to Japanese government-led urbanization at the beginning. The fourth chapter views Brazil as the representative of the majority of developing countries’urbanization mode. Brazilian urbanization appeared in its colonial period and after Brazil achieved independence, its urbanization process generally had two phases. The first is the initial stage before the1930s and the second in1930, the Vargas revolution making Brazilian government conducting the urbanization at a certain level. Up to now, Brazil has approached a highly-degreed urbanization. Deeply affected by all aspects of the colonial legacy, as well as the government’s weak legitimacy, authority and dominant role, Brazil appears excessive urbanization in cities, especially in some cities there being a wide variety of urban disease.The third part is the conclusion. First of all, to the United States, Japan and Brazil of urbanization model to compare the similarities and differences, and analyze the reasons of the differences. Secondly, through the comparison of difference abroad urbanization model of the development of urbanization, Can draw enlightenment and reference of the development of urbanization of our country. China, in the accelerated phase of modernization and urbanization, can benefit a lot from the various characteristics reflected by foreign countries’ urbanization in this paper.