| Since the 21 st century, marine economy has drawn considerable attention all over the world. The development of marine industry and maritime industry related to national energy and economy. The CPC and government have issued many documents themed of marine economy development, expecting to strengthen the development of China’s marine industry. The promotion of shipping services will promote the transformation and upgrading of ports in China, facilitate the development of international business and trade, and raise China’s voice in the international shipping industry. Reasonable spatial layout of shipping services system will promote the intensive use of maritime resources, and facilitate coordination development of port city’s economy.The spatial layout of port cities’ shipping services system are studied based on dissipative structure theory in the paper. The shipping services system, shipping services industry, and dissipative structures are analyzed theoretically firstly. Then we analyzed the spatial layout evolution of shipping services system for some famous port cities, such as London, New York-New Jersey, Singapore. Several general laws of space layout for the port cities’ shipping services system are summarized based on the Case Analysis. The spatial layout of the port cities’ shipping services industry will adjust continuously with the development and exchange between shipping services system and external environment. The essence of adjustment is an alternating process of gathering and diffusion for each element, which can be seen as a space transfer process that "gathering- diffusion- gathering- diffusion". Overall, it is a continuously diffusion of shipping services towards to the whole cities. In order to in-depth analyze shipping services system, dissipative structure are introduced. And we analyzed the dissipation characteristics of shipping services system, the forms and functions of dissipative structures, the dissipation features of spatial layout of shipping service systems. The spatial layout of shipping services system is a typically open, unstable, nonlinear, fluctuant dissipative structure which coexists the characters of randomness and regularity. And urban commercial systems, transportation systems, infrastructure systems, industrial manufacturing systems, financial systems, insurance systems, legal and other systems together form the port city’s system. For further study, entropy was introduced to shipping service system. We gave a detailed description of shipping service system spatial layout based on modeling with entropy. Quantitative analysis of space layout for shipping services system are performed. Finally, several suggestions for shipping service elements spatial layout of Ningbo are formulated with a case study of Ningbo. |
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