The Research On Food Security And Grain Rations Safety And Preservation Of Sown Area In Gansu Province

Regional grain security is an important part of the national grain security. National food production and marketing balance area is asked to ensure their food security as: meet the regional internal balance between supply and demand of grain. In this area grain self-sufficiency have important relations with the country’s food security, so food in thus district should take the responsibility of regional food security in the supply and demand balance. In recent years, the national grain security strategy was changed, from emphasizing self-sufficiency rate of grain to the "basic self-sufficiency in grain, grain rations absolutely safe, the Chinese bowl must filled with Chinese grain" this policy change more specific. Gansu province is located in the northwest inland, the cultivated land area is eleventh in our country, so Gansu should bear corresponding responsibility in the national grain security strategy. The ministry of agriculture proposed “potato is the main eating food”,Then on the potato is needed to consider on the base of wheat.So this paper analysis two grain rations-one is wheat, the other is wheat and potato.From three scale is analyzed from province to municipal then to county(district) of food safety and grain ration safety in Gansu Province.Then forecast the sown area of grain and grain ration in 2020 and 2030.The conclusions can be drawn:(1)The overall grain security in Gansu province is relatively optimistic.Gansu province2005-2013 years the sown area of grain and grain yield increased year by year, the per capita grain with an overall increasing trend. In 2013 the per capita grain than in 2005 increased by 117.88 kg.In 2012 and 2013 in Gansu province for more than 400 kg per capita grain safety standards.(2) The gap between cities, the per capita grain is larger in 2013.Zhangye city is the largest per capita grain, grain per capita is lowest in Jiayuguan, Zhangye city is 20.42 times of Jiayuguan city. 14 cities inJinchang, Baiyin, Wuwei City, Zhangye City, Pingliang City, Qingyang City, Dingxi city and Longnan city and other 8 cities of more than 400 kgper capita grain safety standards.(3) In the analysis of county(district), the per capita grain is the largest in Yongchang County with 1245.9kg, the least is the Chengguan district with0.56 kg, Yongchang county is 2224.82 times the Chengguan District in 2013, most of the counties(districts) of grain per capita exceed 400 kg, and showed an overall increasingtrend during 2005-2013.(4) In grain ration for wheat analysis it can be found: Gansu Province grain ration security situation is not optimistic. The sown area of wheat is decreased during2005-2013 and the per capita grain decreased with fluctuation trend similar to total wheal yield. In 2013 the per capita grain ration is lower than 2005 by 12.68 kg.(5)The gap between per capita rations of every city is very huge in 2013. Jinchang’ per capita rations is highest, Jiayuguan is least, Jinchang is 25.38 times of Jiayuguan city. In 14 cities of per capita grain ration, only Jinchang, Zhangye, Pingliang and Qingyang exceeded safety standards per caption 1350 kg.(6)In the analysis of the per capita grain ration in every county in 2013, per capita grain is the largest in Minle with 497.92 kg, is lowest in the Chengguan with 0.01 kg. The per capita grain ration in 87 counties(districts) there are only 27 exceeded safety standards per caption 1350 kg, there are 37 counties increased during 2005-2013.(7) In grain ration for wheat and potato analysis it can be found: there are 10 cities(ststes)exceeded safety standards per caption 1350 kg. There are 59 counties(districts)exceeded safety standards per caption 1350 kg.(8)In order to ensure the basic balance of supply and demand of food,Gansu need to sow grain 2.4 million hectares in 2020 and 2.05 million hectares in 2030.(9) In order to ensure grain rations safety in 2020, it is need to ensure wheat 1.41 million hectares in 2030 and 1.28 million hectares.It is need to ensure wheat and potato 1.54 million hectares in 2030 and 1.34 million hectaresThen put forward following proposals for food security based on the above research combined with the actual situation of county has made:(1) It is need to ensure that the cultivated land quantity and improving land productivity;(2) It is need to increase investment in science and technology, efforts to increase the per unit area yield of grain;(3) It is need to reverse adjustment of planting structure, to ensure that food production area;(4) It is need to adjust the existing grain subsidy policy, change food subsidies to grain rations’ crop.