| The global urbanization process has experienced three big waves, as the time goes on, the duration of the three wave of urbanization is Constantly compressing, the size of the population is Constantly increasing, Urbanization Motive and background are more diversified, at the same time, the constraint from the resources and the environment is more harsh. At the same time, in different stage of the global urbanization, there are corresponding social problems. As a typical representative of the third wave of urbanization, China summarized the experience and lessons from the first two wave of urbanization during the process of urbanization。It greatly promoted the development of urbanization of the country。After several twists and turns,China’s urbanization process has come into the healthy, sustained and rapid developmental epochs and was developing rapidly. China’s urbanization has completed the tasks that took about 60 years in the United States about 100 years in United Kingdom. China’s urbanization process has been highly condensed.Under the effect of internal and external environment, the highly condensed urbanization of China has condensed achievements and problems. Because the development time was shorter, there were no enough time to transform the multidimensional process synchronization of China’s cities. China’s urbanization is not only can appear contradictions and problems encountered by other countries, such as poverty, overcrowded housing, poor public health, infrastructure insufficiency and so on, also will inevitably produce some new contradictions and new problems, such as urban-rural gap, aging, food safety and so on.To observe the urbanization process of typical all countries in the world, we can find that the primitive accumulation of urbanization is based on The overall deprivation of the social vulnerable groups. China is not an exception, some of the early behavior, such as "exploiting the Rural and Agriculture, supporting the City and Industry" and the later cheap labor, has made the urbanization with the duality and conflict characteristics of diversity. As a traditional agricultural country, under the special development strategy and operation of the economic law,it has shaped the urban and rural situation by artificial or non-artificial way. The urban and rural situation made the urban-rural gap bigger. The urban-rural gap become one of the major social contradictions.In 2011, China’s urbanization level reached 51.27%, it marked the advent of Urban Society and the outbreak of social issues。This paper takes the urban-rural gap which is one of the main contradictions in the process of China’s urbanization as study object, and analyzes its development phenomena, characteristics, and probable causes from the longitudinal comparison and horizontal comparison, by building a comprehensive evaluation index system and analyzing the relevant date since reform and opening-up. And on this basis, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions that can reduce the China’s urban-rural gap and promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas. The research can provide the basis for the healthy development of China’s urbanization. This paper studies the main content is as follows:At first, this paper outlines the urbanization process of World and China, summarizes the main problems during the China’s urbanization, make it clear that the urban-rural gap is one of the major social contradictions in China’s urbanization, and determines the urban-rural gap as the research object of this article. On the basis of summarizing the existing research of the urban-rural gap, putting forward several aspects that may be expand researched in this paper: the definition of the concept of the urban-rural gap; the research of the urban-rural gap in fields of the environment, the support system, the culture; the construction of the comprehensive evaluation index system; the interdisciplinary nature research of the gap between urban and rural areas.Secondly, combining with the academic circles research on the urban-rural gap, especially the quantitative research,and referring the comprehensive evaluation index system of the urban-rural overall development, the urban-rural integration, the well-off society etc. to Constructing the comprehensive evaluation index system of The gap between urban and rural which is In accordance with Chinese conditions(the evaluation index system is consists of 1 target layers, 3 criteria layers, 8 sub criteria layers, 16 indicators), on the basis of, to determine the weight of each index through expert scoring method.Once again, collecting the national date of 1978-2012 and provincial level date in 2011, using the index system to analysis the development characteristics and Cause of formation of Chinese gap between urban and rural areas. The results show that, china on the whole is still in the stage of the countryside China behind the city, the change and development of The gap between urban and rural comprehensive presents the inverted "U" shape distribution. In recent years, with the gradual implementation of the policy, the gap of "quantity", between Chinese urban and rural areas was narrowed step by step, but the gap of "quality" is still large. At the provincial level, all provinces belong to China have the domestic environment and international background in fields of the political, economic and social, because of the different step reform and the difference between policy execution. It leads to the urban-rural comprehensive gap in different regions don’t show significant variations because of the level of urbanization in the same time, but in the space level it Performance as follows: East less than West, South less than North.Finally, on the basis of comprehensive analysis, drawing on the experience of developed countries, the Countermeasures and suggestions of narrowing the urban-rural gap and promoting the coordinated development of urban and rural areas are put forward from economic, social, environmental, support system, culture and so on. |
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