Studies On The Landscape Spatial Morphology Of Bouyei Villages In Guizhou Zhenning

Bouyei Villages in Guizhou Zhenning affected by the local natural and humanistic environment, forming a unique geographical and ethnic characteristics of the spatial environments. Bouyei Village was a rare cultural heritage.Which contained a wealth national history information and natural landscape resources. However, with the acceleration of urbanization, the construction of new rural development and over exploitation of tourism,Zhenning Bouyei traditional villages were facing a huge threat of fading away.Therefore,The study on the landscape spatial morpholopy of Guizhou Zhenning Bouyei villages was significant to protect the local Bouyei villages.In this paper,there are 17 Bouyei villages are taken as the research objects, using the knowledge of landscape architecture,architecture,urban planning,ethnology,analyzing the characteristics and composition of landscape space by the methods of field researching,mapping and diagram analysis.The main results were bellow:(1) Overall landscape spatial pattern of Zhenning Bouyei traditional villagesIn 17 Bouyei traditional villages, the highest elevation was Shiban village with1338 m,the lowest was Mulong with 762 m.17 villages were backed by mountains, There are5 types of building orientation,4 villages were located northwest toward the southeast, 6villages were located northeast toward the southwest,3 villages were located north toward the south, village’s buildings’ location of east to west and west to east village were both 1.The rivers were far away through Shitouzhai and other 10 villages,which were in the range of 1kilometers.The location features of Bouyei traditional village were backed by mountains and facing paddy,closed to water.Mulong and other three villages were ground type,Shitouzhai and other 5 villages were waterfront type, Gaodang and other 7 villages were mid-levels type,Chengliang and Dayangxi were both high-levels type.Bouyei traditional villages adjusted measures to local conditions and the layout of villages was flexible.there were 4 villages with multi-surround layout,such as Xiaowan;5 villages of arraying layout,such as Huashishao; 8 villages of mixed layout,such as Gaodang.The whole landscape space of Bouyei traditional villages reflected the harmonious unification of man and nature and the idea of existence.(2) Landscape space elements of Zhenning Bouyei traditional villagesZhenning Bouyei traditional villages space was consisted of roadway space, building and courtyard space.18 out of 125 roadways of Bouyei traditional villages were wider than3 meters, 63 roadways’ width were between 1 and 2 meters,8 roadways’ width were less than 1 meter,74% of roadways’ D/H were between 0.2-0.6, forming small spatial scale.Bouyei traditional courtyard was taken Stone building as the basic unit,forming four coutryyard types: “Yuanba”, “Erheyuan”, “Sanheyuan”, “Siheyuan”.There were two types of courtyard dlevation:building the platform in the steep area; connecting stairs to the courtyard.bouyei traditional villages node was consisted of the paddy filed, Feng Shui tree village gate and earth temple. The paddy filed was a complex space with the main function of drying paddy,which reflected the rice culture;Feng shui tree is a ritual space to worship tree spirit,which reflected Feng Shui concept; Village gate is the core space for military defense,which reflected Tunpu culture; Earth temple is a place to worship the land deity,which reflected nature worship of Bouyei.(3) Landscape spatial morphology features of GaodangGaodang village was backed by the mountain,facing paddy and around a river around,forming the regular and compact layout which took the square as the center. The point space was composed of the villages gate,watchtower, earth temple,Fengshui tree and other symbols. There were three types roadway classified by different functions: military defense type,life exchanging type, producting and transporting type. Reresidential zone was consisted of buildings and courtyards, and it existed two hierarchical relationships:“house-courtyards-group”, “house-single courtyard-group”. Bouyei traditional buildings were mainly composed by Ming Dynasty(62) and Qing Dynasty(83) buildings,The courtyard spaces were mainly composed by “Yuanba”(44), “Sanheyuan” at least 8, and 22“Erheyuan” courtyard in the village.