Study On Safety Design Of Subway Train Based On Evacuation Theory

In order to solve the problem of traffic congestion caused by the process of urbanization,the subway operating mileage has been continuously increased because of its high traffic volume and high speed and the independent road right. However, there are numerous dangerous source and people in the subway operating system, it is difficult to evacuate and in the event of an accident, the consequences is extremely serious. In order to reduce the seriousness of the consequences of subway accidents, scholars in the world have used a variety of methods to study the evacuation process of subway personnel from many angles. However,most of the study focus on the subway station personnel evacuation and the subway train evacuation process has been neglected. But the subway train is the most intensive place in the subway operation system and has the most prone to take place fire accident. The first and the most important step in the evacuation process of passengers inside the train is leave the train.Therefore, the in-depth study of subway train evacuation problem is very urgent and necessary which is influenced by the staff and the train, and the train is relatively controllable so this article proposed from the subway train envelope safety design to improve the evacuation efficiency.First of all, there are 162 accidents that caused social impact in the history of the development of the world’s subway over a hundred years, through statistics and analysis of the characteristics. and causes of the accident. we can conclude that the highest frequency is fire accidents and the consequences of the fire accidents are the most serious. After in-depth analysis of two typical cases of subway accident, we can found that a large number of personnel dead in the evacuation process. and then find the reasons of the low efficiency of evacuation. The influencing factors of the evacuation process of the subway train are discussed from the aspects of the individual characteristics of the passengers, the crowd flow characteristics and the traffic environment. The design of the subway train is designed as the breakthrough point. By comparing the subway evacuation time requirements and calculation process, we can found that the US standards is more scientific. Summarize the common formula of the US subway design code and the evacuation time empirical formula to find the formula for the evacuation time of the subway train.And then established the subway train evacuation simulation environment. Through the analysis of demand and the comparison of common evacuation software, the tunnel mode of Pathfinder software is selected to simulate the evacuation process of subway trains under different subway compartments. Geometrical models were established on the basis of the CAD drawings of the subway compartments. The evacuation personnel were divided into eight categories and the basic parameters of the personnel were determined after a large amount of information was consulted, including the ratio, speed and shoulder width.Finally,we use the Pathfinder software to simulate the evacuation process of different subway compartments. The results show that the use of a horizontal seat design reduces the evacuation efficiency by 7.6% compared to the longitudinal seat conditions. Removal of the common single column can increase the evacuation efficiency by 14.1% and the evacuation efficiency decreased 22.8% in the case of three columns, set the three pillars column and no column compared to the evacuation efficiency gap of up to 43.0%. The export of the train has been considered as the bottleneck and determinant of the evacuation of the train. After the evacuation process under different door widths, the 1400mm door is 10.9% higher than the 1300mm door evacuation, but there is no obvious difference between the 1500mm door and 1400mm. In summary, the use of longitudinal seat conditions, rings instead of columns, set the disabled area, the door width set to 1400mm are good for subway train evacuation.