Influencing Factors Of Resilience And The Character Of Attentional Bias Of College Students

Background Resilience,as a related indicator to measure the mental health level of individuals,has been a hot topic in psychological study.Domestic researches on resilience mainly focus on the correlated variable such as intelligence and personality etc.Most of the researches put emphasis on cross-sectional study.Objects and methods of study are not comprehensive.Besides,seldom of the researches have done a follow-up study on the cognitive mechanism of individuals with different level of resilience.This research is concentrated on the effect of the experience of the individual with neglect in childhood and their emotional intelligence on their resilience level and carries out research on cognitive characteristic of individuals with different level of resilience.The research is of great significance to the positive intervention of the individual with lower resilience level and has important theoretical significance to focus on the psychological health of the youth.Objectives 1.To study the current situation and the character of college students' resilience so as to understand the reasons lying behind the differences.2.To investigate the relationship and mechanism of interaction between resilience levels of college students and their experiences of neglect in childhood and their emotional intelligence,expecting to clarify the relationship among them.3.To explore character of the attentional bias of individuals with different resilience levels to understand the differences of their cognitive functions through research on their reaction time and P300 amplitude of brain wave while cognitive tasks were finished.Methods The first experiment: The method of cluster sampling was adopted.295 students from 12 classes of a university in Xinxiang city were picked out as the objects.The students' age ranged from 17 to 23,and the average age was 19.40±1.13.All the students were tested with the general data questionnaire,CD-RISC,child neglect scale and emotional intelligence scale.All the data were inputted and analyzed with the SPSS software,and test level of 0.05(bilateral test).All the data were statistically processed through SPSS18.0.Resilience characteristics of individual were studied.The relationship and mediating effect between resilience and experience of neglect in childhood and emotional intelligence were explored.The second experiment: 3 factors mixed design was adopted in this experiment: 2(resilience level: high,low)*2(cue type: effective,ineffective)*3(emotional faces type: happy,angry and neutral).The participants of this experiment were students volunteered to take part in.They were selected out by the CD-RISC.The participants were divided into two groups: the group of lower resilience level(19 students,of whom 8 are boys)and the group of higher resilience level(17students,of whom 5 are boys).The positive,negative and neutral face pictures were taken as experimental materials programmed by Eprim2.0 and the spatial cueing tasks were designed to get the reaction time data of two groups of participants with help of ERP.The average amplitude data of P300 of participants with invalid cues of positive,negative and neutral face pictures were got through analysis by Neuroscan4.5.Meanwhile,The CD-RISC score,behavioral data and EEG data of participants were statistically processed with SPSS18.0.Behavioral and electro physiologic characteristics of attentional bias of individuals with different resilience levels were analyzed.Results Results of Experiment 1: 1.In the aspect of neglect in childhood,scores of the male in physical neglect,emotional neglect and neglect of communication were significantly higher than that of the female(t=2.518,P=0.013;t=3.492,P=0.001;t=4.074,P<0.001).Scores of students in lower grade in neglect of communication were significantly higher than that of students in higher grade(t=-2.455,P=0.015).Scores of students from rural area in neglect of safety were significantly higher than that of students from urban area(t=-2.670,P=0.008).Scores of the only child in emotional neglect were significantly higher than that of the non-only child.In the aspect of emotional intelligence,scores of students in higher grade in emotional application were significantly higher than students in lower grade(t=3.491,P=0.001).Scores of students from rural area in self-emotional understanding and reasoning were significantly lower than that of students from urban area(t=2.038,P=0.042).In the aspect of resilience,scores of students from urban area in being optimistic were significantly higher than that of students from rural area(t=-2.604,P=0.010).Scores of the only child in being optimistic were significantly higher than that of the non-only child(t=2.027,P=0.044).2.Factors like tenacity,strength and optimism in resilience and factors like physical neglect and neglect of safety in child with neglect are significant negative correlated(r=-0.211~-0.171;r=-0.285~-0.285).And there were significant positive correlation between factors like tenacity,strength and optimism in resilience and factors like self-emotional understanding and reasoning,others' emotional understanding and reasoning,emotion sense,emotion application in emotional intelligence(r=0.171~0.257;r=0.362~0.477;r=0.352~0.531;r=0.299~0.334).3.Individual with neglect in childhood(?=0.211?t=7.134?P<0.001)and resilience(?=0.569?t=11.369?P<0.001)can be clearly predicted by emotional intelligence.When resilience went in to regression equation,? value decreased from 0.221 to 0.162 and there was no significant difference can be observed(t=0.662?P=0.572).It shows the intermediation function of resilience between child with neglect and emotional intelligence.Results of Experiment 2:1.The analysis of the variance of repeated measurement of three factors was carried out,taking the types of participants(the group of lower resilience level and the group of higher resilience level),the types of cues(effective cues and ineffective cues)and the types of emotional face pictures(positive pictures,neutral pictures and negative pictures)as the independent variable and the reaction time as the dependant variable.The result shows that the main effect of the types of cues is obvious(F(1,34)=88.623,P<0.001).Further comparison reveals that reaction time under effective cues is obviously higher than that under ineffective cues and there is no other interaction effect(Fs<1,Ps>0.05).2.The analysis of the variance of repeated measurement of three factors was carried out,taking the types of participants(the group of low resilience and the group of high resilience),the types of cues(effective cues and ineffective cues)and the types of emotional face pictures(positive pictures,neutral pictures and negative pictures)as the independent variable and the average amplitude of P300 as the dependant variable.The result shows that there is a marginal significant correlation in the types of participants(F(1,34)=3.808,P=0.052).Further comparison reveals that larger P300 amplitude was induced in the group of lower resilience level rather than the group of higher resilience level and there is no other interaction effect(Fs<1,Ps>0.05).Conclusions 1.Male college students are more prone to be neglected in physical neglect,emotional neglect and neglect of communication in childhood than the female.Recognition of individuals on neglect of communication in childhood may change with age.The extent of neglect of safety in college students from rural area is more serious than that of the students from urban area.The extent of emotional neglect of the only child is more serious than that of the non-only child.Students of high grade have more obvious superiority than students of low grade.Students from rural area are superior to those from urban area in self-emotional understanding and reasoning.Students from urban area and the only child are more optimistic than students from rural area and the non-only child.2.Physical neglect and neglect of safety in childhood have negative predicative effect on the resilience of adults whereas resilience has positive predicative effect on emotional intelligence.3.Emotional intelligence of an individual can clearly predict the resilience of the individual and the extent of being neglected in childhood.Resilience of an individual has intermediation between neglect in childhood and emotional intelligence.4.Attentional bias hasn't been founded in behavioral tests and ERP tests.EPR tests reveal that the brain of individuals with low resilience will be much more activated when cognitive tasks were carried out,compared to those with high resilience.