A Study On The Dade Parnassus In Yuan Dynasty

Through the analysis of literary works written in the Dade years of Yuan Dynasty (1297-1307), combining the social background, this paper makes a comprehensive survey and discuss on the poetic problems to be dealt with in this stage and the development of poetry under the counter measures.This paper is divided into the following five aspects: In the introduction part, the author summarizes the reasons of selecting the topic and reviews the previous research results related to this topic. The first chapter describes the social conditions of Yuan Dynasty, including four remarkable aspects of Dade years, namely the importance of Confucianism and education from imperial court, the era appearance of Da Yuan meteorology, the entering into imperial court of southern Chinese and the features of academic development of "culture advocated in the folk" in the south and "culture advocated by government" in the north. The second chapter analyzes the problem which Dade Parnassus must deal with, including the criticism of imperial examinations of the late Southern Song Dynasty and the reflection of Siling and Jianghu poetry group. The third chapter discusses the measures that were proposed to solve the problems above, which includes imitating poems of the Tang Dynasty and reviving the poem's style in Han and Wei Dynasty,promoting the elegant and pure poetry style, expanding the poetry learning object from one to many and other aspects of poetics. Thc fourth chapter is the description of the Dade Parnassus of Yuan Dynasty ,namely the poetry writing mode of using the same topic or getting together, the thoughts of feeling sorrow and aspiration to retire, the characteristics of poetry style, which is similar to the poetry of Tang Dynasty and ancient Jin and Wei Dynasties.The conclusions of this paper are as follows: Southern Chinese were not completely isolated from politics due to the emphasis on Confucianism and education by the imperial court, "Da Yuan meteorology” brought about a relatively stable social conditions during this period. Southern poetry developed rapidly in folk and interacted with northern poetry staged on the Imperial Academy at the same time. On this background, literatis in Dade years introspected the development of poetry in the late Southern Song Dynasty again. They criticized the drawbacks of imperial examination in the late Southern Song Dynasty and argued against Siling and Jianghu poetry to promoted forming new poetry style namely "Yuan Generation". This new poetry style led to a new pattern: Yuanjue and Yuji made nationwide impact on the stage of the Imperial Academy from Dade Years, imitating poems of the Tang Dynasty and reviving the poem's style in Han and Wei Dynasty and promoting the elegant and pure poetry styles became the unified pursuits and this trend culminated during Tianli and Yanyou Period. In a manner of speaking, it is from Dade Years that Yuan Dynasty poetry gradually formed its own poetic style.At the end, there is a chronology that shows the creation and activity of poets in Dade years, which can be used as a panoramic display of the poetic circles.