The Synchronic Multi-Function And Diachronic Evolution Of �?�

�?� is a common Chinese word originally.however,it has been a function word with evolutive meaning which contains many parts of speech in modern Chinese.The article takes � ? �as research object and discusses the situation of its synchronic difference and diachronic evolution using the semantic evolution theory,grammaticalization theory and related theory of cognitive linguistics.Moreover,The article writes in detail of the synchronic difference about � ? � and the related phenomena are explained through its diachronic evolution.The paper also takes the interpretation of evolution for synchronic difference of �?�as an example to expand on the interaction relationship between diachronic and synchronic.we mainly discuss from the following parts.Through investigation,we find that �but� is a multi-functional word with many usages in modern Chinese.It can not only be used as word formation morpheme verb,but also can be used as adverbs and conjunctions.As word-forming morpheme,it is mainly used in the compound words.As a verb,it is used in some fixed phrases.In some dialects,it also means�refusal�,�let down� and so on.As an adverb,The �?�mainly uses as the related adverbs to express the turn and play the language role.Moreover,it uses as modal adverb to express the unexpected(contrary to common sense or personal expectations)or the rhetorical tone.As a conjunction,it mainly expresses turn.The multi function of �?�in modern Chinese is the reflection of its diachronic evolution.Through the investigation of the diachronic evolution of �?�,we know that the word is a real verb in the history of Chinese language,interpreted as�retreat'.During the Sui and Tang dynasties,�?� has been re-analyzed as an adverb under the influence of the sub class transformation of the verb,the shift of the semantic focus,the language environment,the syntactic position,etc.In the history,thethe type of the adverb �?� is rich,including the turn related adverb,mood adverb,scope adverb,frequency adverb,Shun adverb and so on.During the Ming-Qing Dynasties,influenced by the syntactic position,the meaning and the syntactic environment of the adverb � ? �,the adverb which has the opposite meaning is changed into the turning conjunction.In the choice of sentence patterns,the mood adverb which expresses an inquiry can be changed into the choice conjunction and in the same iterative format,the concession conjunction produces.The generation of the auxiliary word of�?� has experienced three stages: �V ?� verbal expression in series,the verb complement and the verb + auxiliary word.When the verb in the verb structure can not express the subject alone in a sentence,the verb structure is analyzed as a verb complement phrase and the evolution of the � ? � from the meaning of�retreat� to the meaning of �drop�happened.The results of the use of the complement of the � ? � is further grammaticalizated to be an auxiliary word,indicating the completion and implementation of the action.After the song dynasty,the auxiliary usage of � ? � is gradually replaced by � ? �so that the auxiliary usage of � ? �declines.The preposition �?� is derived from the auxiliary word.When the predicate center is a character adjective,�X +?+ N� is likely to occur from the �X ? N�meaning to�? N X� meaning re-interpretation.And the inverse grammaticalization of�?� may happen from dynamic particle to preposition.The synchronic differences of �?� in modern Chinese can reveal the temporal and spatial levels of diachronic development and can provide inspiration and basis for us to construct its diachronic evolution.The difference of the semantic function of� ? �in the synchronic level is essentially the functional division of labor in the diachronic evolution.It is caused by the fact that it is left behind in different historical grammatical phenomena.