The Analysis Of The Umbrella Group In International Climate Negotiation In Past-kyoto Era

The reduction goal of the 1st session of "Kyoto Protocol" has dued in 2012,and the international climate negotiation is getting more and more solemn.As an important international group and many of the group members are powers with big green gas emission,the stand of Umbrella Group is worth studying.Based on two-level theory,the author will analyze the stand and the reasons of the stand that Umbrella group holds in international climate negotiations during the past-Kyoto era.The paper will extend the two-le-vel theory and analyze from the following dimensions:First,the analysis of the stand of the Umbrella Group.The paper will start with the forming process of this group,and analyze their behavior on climate treaty negotiations,emission problems,and climate aid.Finally the paper will come to a conclusion.Umbrella Group formed during the negotiation of "Kyoto Protocol" and was a loose group that consisted of America,Japan,Canada,Austrilia,New Zealand,Norway,Ukrain,and Kazakhstan.Second,the construction of the structure of the reason analysis.This paper was based on the two-level theory,and the paper will frist briefly offer a outline about this theory,and then also analyze other analysis structures,such as the strcuture that based on economy and the environment,and the structure that based on politics and the environment.And the paper will conclude the analysis structure of this paper:the three-level structure of"national-group-international".The paper divided the influential elements into three levels for a more specific analysis.These three levels are certainly not isolated,but linked with each other and they will influence each other as well.And last,analyzing according to this structure.On national level,the paper thinks that climate policies,preferences of the leaders,economic interests and the use and reliance of resources,and national interest groups mainly influenced the stand of Umbrella Group;on group level,member countries get together bcause of similar interests,such as economic interests and political interests,but they respectively had their own interests pursuing.In this way,they formed a "common but differetial" stand;on international level,the stands of other groups,the pursuing of a positive international image,and the fight for political discourse influenced the stand of Umbrella Group in international climate negotiations.To sum up,the paper thinks that facing the solemn climate issues,under the triple-pressure,Umbrella Group has formed a stand that was stubborn,negative,and generally agreed but with some disagreement within the group in international climate negotiations.Thns has not only influenced the other actors in international climate negotiations,but also influenced the procedures and the solution of climate issues.In the past-Kyoto era,the conutries and country groups around the world have begun to put more emphasis on climate change.As an important member in international climate negotiation,the Umbrella Group should shoulder the responsibilities that were equal to their position and power.And they should really focus on cliamte change and really make a difference to contribute to the sustainable development of mankind.