| Modern cheerleading is a sport originated in the United States,and it firstly emerged in the football game of Princeton University in the 1880s.It was generated from an activity determined in a football game into an independent athletics with over a hundred years of developing history.In the 1980s,cheerleading began to cross the borders,becoming the beloved sport of many people all around the world and sweeping the world rapidly with its unique charm and value.As the technology keeps developing,cheerleading has the world championships of its own,stepping into the ranks of world competition.There are some foreign countries that are able to carry out good projects,such as the United States,Britain,Japan and other countries that have their own associations,alliances and clubs with their own management system to carry out.However,they also manage with each other and learn from each other,even hold tournaments and training regularly,which plays a vital role to the development of this sport.Introduced into China until year of 1998,cheerleading already enjoyed a mass base in China over ten years of development and popularization,but compared with the United States it is still left far behind.In regard to the question that how to develop our country's cheerleading in a faster and a better way,China should learn and partake the management system of project association and alliance in United States that we mentioned above.By comparing our cheerleading with the United States' we should find out the key to project management system of the US and the suitable way to develop our cheerleading combined with China's actual situation,in order to provide a theoretical basis for its promoting.Taking the project management of American and Chinese cheerleading as the main researching objects,this paper analyzes the similarities and differences of the project management between China and America with respect to organization,planning,command,coordination and control these five functions through the methods of literature review,comparative research and other research methods,in order to come up with suggestions and recommendations to our project management as well as our deficiencies,learning from the successful experience of American cheerleading project management.Here are conclusions that come from the analysis:1.Cheerleading association in America is not an organization subject to government command,but depends on social forces to manage.The streaming and assignment in obligations of every division in the association have the traits of meticulous and targeted,with diversified clients including almost all work of lives.China's cheerleading projects that have already set up are all affiliated with the government management of the official association,and even attached to the Education Department and the General Administration of Sports management agencies,thus the object that the association serve is relatively few and sole and it is just for the school cheerleading team.2.Compared with the United States,their projects target at different objects.The development of American cheerleading has climbed to the cultural and spiritual level,in order to lay a solid foundation for long-term and stable development with a plan inclined to the stable development of the project.China's cheerleading is still in the period of promoting its popularization and generalization and building the mass basis.3.American cheerleading association is a decentralized management system,in which the relationship between headquarters is literally at the equivalent level.Different departments do not interfere with each other while also cooperate with each other.Our project management,whether it is the State Sports General Administration or CSARA,its model is a top-down management model,which is inseparable from our country's national system.4.The management of American cheerleading association is the duty of the association or the alliance to coordinate their work,with regards to the division of work it has a detailed task,clear objectives and strong execution.In the contrast,the branch of China's cheerleading associate merely holds nominal authority instead of actual power to the project management.As a kind of industrialization,the cheerleading project in the US proactively improves the economic construction and promotes the economic development.However,China has neither established the industry nor been able to achieve the function of self-sufficiency and self-hematopoiesis in regard to the development of the project while many games are supported financially by government so as to be able to carry out.American cheerleading project is a model that school and the cheerleading project benefit mutually,reinforcing the coordination between this sport and the cause of education.Nevertheless,professional cheerleading instructors have been seen as the fire seed in China,so as to promote this sport and enhance the health of students.5.American cheerleading association holds more events both in a high level and high density,while China is in the promotion phase faced up to the fact that most schools do not understand this project or build a team for the game.Additionally,the management system of China and the United States' cheerleading coaches are employment system and appointment system respectively.Just like the American school,our cheerleading training does not have training subsidy.The difference is that American schools can apply for a large amount of sports scholarships and tuition fee,but if our athletes win a prize,which will only be considered as a bonus when applying for scholarships.The training system in the United States is a long-term,systematic training model,in contrast,China adopted the mode of pre-match training,which is a pursuit of the results of the game or in another word to complete the task of the game.The huge differences between the two countries regarding to the athletes participating and tickets fee is due to the manifest differences in their cheerleading's popularity,cultural atmosphere,mass basis and etc. |
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