The Cultivation Of Middle School Students' Geographical Thinking Ability In Extra-curricular Teaching

Since thinking has played an important part in the development and progress of society,people paid more and more attentions to it.In today's middle school education,educators concentrate on students' knowledge and skills.Besides,they found it also very important to cultivate their thinking ability.Countries all over the world consider it a basic strategy to improve human resource and national comprehensive strength.Consequently,geographical teaching cannot be replaced in consideration of its function and meaning.Geography is a basic subject in modern education,thinking of which is gradually known to be vital in the development of technology.More and more educators take the cultivation of thinking ability as their study subject.Though extra-curricular teaching adds to classroom teaching and develops the ability of geographical thinking,it is often ignored.Research about it is of small quantity.The thesis studied literature on the subject and used the method of doing survey,combining teaching practice,thus initially established its essential position of extra-curricular teaching in developing geographical thinking ability.Based on analysis and conclusion,it put forward the methods of extra-curricular teaching and designing principles.After analyzing different examples of extra-curricular teaching designs,the paper came to the conclusion that we can cultivate students' thinking ability through extra-curricular teaching.And this paper can provide a reference for geographical teachers.The first part is an introduction.This part mainly introduces the background foundation and the current situation.It pointed out the advantage and necessity of developing geographical thinking ability in the extra-curricular teaching.The second part defined the key conception.And it introduced the theoretical basis of developing geographical thinking ability in the extra-curricular teaching.The third part is the analysis of current situation.This part summarized the problems of the extra-curricular teaching and find out the reasons of these problems.The fourth part introduced the methods of extra-curricular teaching.It pointed out the necessity of design before extra-curricular teaching.And most importantly it put forward principles of extra-curricular teaching design.The fifth part is case design of extra-curricular teaching.Mainly through five forms of extra-curricular teaching,the "reading","extracurricular experiment","geographical model","extracurricular observation" and "extracurricular investigation",to design extra-curricular teaching,in order to achieve the objective of developing students'geographical thinking ability.The last part is the conclusion of this thesis.And it also points out the problems existing in this research and the directions for the future studies.