The Effects Of Transformational Leadership And Transactional Leadership On Teachers' Teaching Innovation

The cultivation of innovative talents is the key measure to improve the ability of independent innovation in China.Cultivating a group of talents with innovative ability is an important guarantee for China's economic restructuring and upgrading,and is an urgent need to accelerate the implementation of innovation-driven development strategy.The cultivation of innovative talents is the key task of the current education reform in China,and is an important task faced by all kinds of schools at all levels.As the core component of school management,teacher's teaching innovation is the primary factor to ensure the innovation ability of students.In the majority of school organizations,the principals have the greatest administrative power and influence,and their leadership effectiveness for the formation of the school creative organizational climate and the thinking and behavior of the members of the organization has a crucial impact.The promotion of the concept of innovative teaching behavior by school principals is conducive to the creation of an innovative school atmosphere,to the formation of creative thinking and habits of teachers,and finally the development of an innovative teaching organization system.Reviewing the relevant research in this field,it is found that there is a lack of empirical research on the innovation environment of school organization and the innovation of teacher education under the influence of the principal's leadership style,and it is limited to the internal factors of teachers' teaching innovation.Since 1980 s,the international academic circles have conducted extensive research on transformational and transactional leadership in the context of education,accumulating plenty of research outcomes.This study therefore focuses on transformational leadership and transactional leadership and creativity of teachers teaching.The following research questions are investigated:(1)What kind of features at the level of school teachers and principals on the demographic variables of transformational and transactional leadership and school organizational innovation atmosphere and teaching innovation of teachers in primary and secondary schools?(2)Does the transformational and transactional leadership of primary and secondary school principals play a role in teaching innovation?(3)Does the school organizationalinnovation climate play an intermediary role between the principals' leadership and the teachers' teaching innovation? This stuy aims to establish the mechanism of the principals' transformational leadership,transactional leadership and organizational innovation atmosphere to improve the teaching innovation.According to the incentive theory and the theory of creativity and other related research results,a theoretical model illuminating the relationship among transformational leadership,transactional leadership,the organizational innovation atmosphere and its effects on teaching innovation in the primary and secondary schools is developed firstly.Based on the research outcomes of related research,the scale of measurement is designed,and the scale is revised by pre-test.In this study,cluster sampling and random sampling are used to investigate 1022 teachers in primary and secondary schools.The data are analyzed by SPSS20.0 and AMOS21.0.By using exploratory factor analysis,confirmatory factor analysis to test the measurement scale,through hierarchical regression analysis method,this study finds that less than 5 years,6-10 years,11-15 years period of teachers' teaching innovation level is significantly higher than that of more than 21 years of teaching the teachers.In the aspect of teachers' education,the level of innovation of college and Bachelor degree teachers is significantly higher than that of technical secondary school and below.There are no significant differences between other demographic variables and teachers' teaching innovation,and the level of teaching innovation is less influenced by the teacher's background variables;through analysis of correlation between the variables and the various dimensions through the Pearson correlation coefficient that,it has been found that there is ignificant positive correlation between transformational leadership,transactional leadership and school organizational innovation atmosphere and its sub dimensions of transformational leadership and teaching innovation and its sub dimensions(correlation coefficient was 0.563-0.588 higher than that of transactional leadership 0.298-0.382).Regression analysis shows that transformational leadership can predict teachers' teaching innovation decision(coefficient R2 value is 0.386,the standard regression coefficient was 0.615),using stepwise regression method into the regression model including dimensions of excitation and charm of intellectual influence analysis;The variation of transactional leadership can predict teachers' teaching innovation in 14.1%,including contingent reward,passive exception management,active exception management standardized regression coefficients were 0.375,0.166-0.154,and reached a significant level.It can be found that transformational leadershipis not a positive predictor of teachers' teaching innovation in all dimensions.The school organizational innovation climate can predict 66.8% of the variance of teachers' teaching innovation,which indicates that the school organizational innovation climate has a positive predictive effect on teaching innovation.Transformational leadership can predict 66.2% of the variance of school organizational innovation climate,which is higher than that of transactional leadership in the prediction of variation of 35.3%.The mediating effect test show that transformational leadership can through organizational innovation atmosphere or directly on teaching innovation have positive predictive effect,environment of school organizational innovation plays part of the intermediary role;and completely mediating role between transformational leadership and teaching innovation.Based on the findings,this study puts forward three aspects of suggestions to improve the principals' leadership and teaching innovation.Firstly,transformational leadership and transactional leadership should be adapted by school principals according to the circumstance.Specifically,the school principals should(1)adapt transformational leadership style to encourage teachers' s innovative thinking,allowing teachers to adopt innovative ways to improve teaching,setting an example,to establish a moral model and understand the practical difficulties of teachers and living needs,paying attention to the teacher's occupation development and providing basic living guarantee for teachers' teaching innovation.(2)use the positive effect of transactional leadership,meeting teachers basic material needs and economic interests and providing basic living guarantee for teachers' innovative teaching.Secondly,the principal needs to exert the transformational and transactional leadership to create an innovative organizational environment.(1)The principals need to take intelligence to stimulate teachers to pursue more challenging organizational goals,arouse teachers' innovation motivation and behavior;individual needs to pay attention to the teacher's time,positive for the teacher's work and life problems;to establish clear organizational development goals,formulate scientific and rational planning of school development.(2)The teachers' efforts,the performance of the work and the achievement of the teaching objectives should be rewarded,and the teachers' work is paid by providing the corresponding remuneration or promotion.Thirdly,the principals should create an atmosphere of school innovation to help teachers teaching innovation.(1)The headmaster should fully realize the important influence of the innovative school atmosphere on the teaching innovation,and establish an appropriate school management system to support the teachers' innovative teachingactivities;(2)In the professional development of teachers,the school should provide training learning opportunities for teachers,encourage teachers to use their spare time to increase the teaching level;(3)To ensure adequate resources and innovation in teaching activities,to provide human support and funding necessary for teaching;(4)Actively promote modern information technology is widely used in the inside and outside the classroom,make up for the deficiency of the traditional teaching mode using the Internet information technology;(5)Building online communication platform for teachers under,encourage teachers to exchange experiences of formal or informal leadership effectiveness;(6)In the aspect of leadership effectiveness,we should avoid the excessive interference of teachers' specific teaching work,and leave enough room for teachers' teaching innovation.Only when the internal atmosphere of the school and even the entire educational policy environment forming an organizational climate for innovation and respect for change,can promote the use of innovative teaching methods.