Study On Influencing Factors And Strategies Of Retired Athletes’ Capabilities

After entering the 21 st century,the competitive sports in our country have made remarkable achievements.In 2004 Athens Olympic Games,2008 Beijing Olympic Games,2012 London Olympic Games and 2016 Rio Olympic Games,Chinese delegation has ranked first,second and third in the medal count respectively.Athletes are the main body of competitive sports,and they win glory for their country,but they have to face a series of problems after retirement,such as re-employment difficulties,which restrict the long-term development of athletes and the sustainable development of competitive sports.In this thesis,Amartya Sen’s capability theory is used to study the influencing factors of the retired athletes’ capability,and some countermeasures are put forward to improve the ability of retired athletes and to ensure athletes’ long-term development.During the study,the related materials about both the theory of capability and retired athletes are looked up,some competitive sports schools and training bases are investigated on site,some retired athletes are interviewed and the questionnaire is issued.Besides,the current situation and the shortage in the capacity of retired athletes are understood,and the factors that influence retired athletes’ capacity are found,the empirical analysis of the factors that affect the capability are made and countermeasures are constructed accordingly.The current situation of retired athletes’ capability is as follows:(1)It’s difficult for them to protect their legal rights,and they even do not know the means to do so.(2)The limited compensation can’t meet their basic needs at the level of 3000 RMB per month at most.(3)Their literacy isn’t in agreement with their nominal academic attainment,and they psychologically rely on the government in terms of re-employment.In addition,most athletes come from middle class and lower class.Therefore,their family cannot provide them with effective help.(4)Retired athletes get little information about the relative policies,and the accesses to related information is too simple.(5)Only few of them get insurance.The deficiencies of retired athletes’ capability go as follows: they are lack of awareness of their rights;they are not familiar with related policies;the mechanism to express their rights and interests is not smooth;they get less retirement compensation;they have low income when employed again;they seldom participate in vocational training;the influence of their family network is weak,their physical condition is poor and their attitude is negative;the society and relevant departments don’t pay them enough attention;some violations of their rights have been concealed;their basic legal knowledge is weak;the degree of their participation in social security is low,and the compensation for their disability is limited.The factors that influence their capability are as fallows: equity protection factors,economic conditions,social opportunity factors,transparency guarantee factors and protective protection factors.In view of the current situation and problems of retired athletes’ capability,this thesis puts forward some countermeasures: First,the concept of security policy based on capability should be set up,and athletes’ long-term development should be paid attention to.Second,channels for retired athletes to express their interests should be established and improved so as to guarantee their legitimate rights and interests.Third,the retirement compensation mechanism should be improved and retired athletes’ economic foundation should be established.Fourth,the investment and accumulation of human capital should be promoted and more social opportunities should be created for retired athletes.Fifth,the supporting role of social forces should be given full play and the effectiveness of aid resources should be maximized.Sixth,the social security system should be improved,and the protection of retired athletes should be enhanced.