Research On The Employment Of Peasant Worker Under The Dual Economic Structure

Peasant worker is a special product of China economy and politics reformation,and it is also a right and efficient way to deal with the surplus labors in the rural areas.Chinese peasant workers contributed a lot to the industrialization and urbanization.However,because of the large population base and numerous peasants,the number of surplus labors is also huge.In recent years the number of peasant workers grows rapidly.The employment of millions of peasant workers not only challenges the job market seriously,but also influences the process of urban and rural integration.The central committee of the communist party of China has been publishing the theme of the central document on “agriculture,rural areas and peasants” since 2004,which emphasizes the importance of “three rural issues” in the socialist modernization,and highlights the determination of Party Central Committee to solve the problems.At present,there are a lot of problems in the employment of peasant worker,for example,the pressure of employment,the blindness of the employment goal,low wages,out of date in job hunting,not included in the social security system,low literacy and skills,lack of knowledge of the law and so on.These problems all prevent the peasant workers from job hunting successfully,also affect the transfer of rural surplus labors,and slow down our process of urbanization.The factors which restrict the employment of peasant workers can be grouped into three categories,namely political,economic and cultural factors.Political factors include the guidance of the national policy,the household registration system,social security system and land system.Economic factors include the regional factors and the labor conflicts between the total supply and total demand.Cultural factors include the concept of factor,the limitations of literacy and skills of peasant workers,the discriminatory treatment from others and the lack of the ability to protect their rights.These factors restrict the employment of peasant workers from different angles,and also help us to find a way to solve the problems of the employment of the peasant workers.Then analyze of representative foreign countries about how to deal with the agricultural surplus labor,including developed and developing countries.We summary the successful experiences and practices in transferring the agricultural surplus labor,which give us guidance about transferring the agricultural surplus labor in our country.At last,we propose the specific proposals on how to promote the employment of peasant workers.First break the barriers between the urban and the rural,to improve the household registration system,social security system,law system and land system.Second develop the economy vigorously,adjust the industrial structure,cultivate the new economic growth points and revive the township enterprises.Third establish a unified labor market,expand the way of job-hunting.Fourth government,enterprises and vocational colleges work together to enhance the employment of peasant workers.