The Study Of Ghosts And Gods In Qin Jian's Data

In China, supernatural beliefs have a long history, and may date back to the primitive society. Supernatural beliefs account for much of the original social ideology. With the development during Pre-Qin Dynasties, supernatural beliefs of "Heaven God", "Earth God" and "Ghost" formed in the Zhou Dynasty. Supernatural beliefs in Pre-Qin, Qin and Han Dynasties have a great influence on the later supernatural beliefs and the Chinese ancient religious beliefs. Supernatural beliefs influence the daily life and production of ancient people, so research into it is of great significance to the study of the formation and development of Chinese ancient religious beliefs and the social production and life of the ancient society.With Shuihudi Qin bamboo slips, Fangmatan Qin bamboo slips, Zhoujiatai Qin bamboo slips, Qin bamboo slips kept in Yuelu Academy, Liye Qin bamboo slipsand Qin bamboo slips kept in Peking University etc. as the main research object, this thesis analyzes and discusses the supernatural beliefs in them. Based on the ancient documents and the knowledge of cultural anthropology and folklore studies, the thesis explores the supernatural beliefs reflected in the Qin bamboo slips. The whole thesis falls into four chapters.As an introduction, Chapter One analyzes the significance of the topic, reviews the unearthing, finding and study of Qin bamboo slips, summarizes the present research into the supernatural beliefs in Pre-Qin Dynasty in the academic world, and introduces the relevant research of some scholars. This chapter stresses the study of the supernatural beliefs introduced in the documents of Han and Qin's Bamboo Slips and Silks in the period of Warring States. Based on the relevant literature studies and philology, people's understanding of "ghost" and "god" in Pre-Qin, Qin and Han Dynasties is briefly analyzed. Meanwhile, the specific research objective and research method are presented in this part.In Chapter Two, numerous kinds of Gods and ghosts in Qin bamboo slips are sorted out and classified. On the basis of previous studies, Gods and ghosts in Qin bamboo slips are analyzed and studied. Besides, this section briefly introduces the Gods and ghosts and what they do, and makes a simple classification of them. Based on the category of "Heaven God", " Earth God" and "Ghost" listed in Rites of Zhou and previous literature, all the Gods and ghosts in Qin bamboo slips are further divided into four groups:"Heaven God", "Earth God", "Ghost" and "Fairy and Monster". In addition, the characteristics of all the supernatural beings are presented. In the ideology of Qin people, there are huge numbers of supernatural beings with different names, all of whom need to survive and to enjoy spiritual satisfaction. The most prominent feature of them, according to Qin people, is secularization.Combined with the analysis in the previous chapter, Chapter Three tries to explore the supernatural beliefs of Qin people, focusing on the formation of it and the relationship between human beings and supernatural beings in Qin bamboo slips. Human beings show respect and awe towards some supernatural beings, which is embodied in sacrificial rites and pray to them, and the avoidance of some taboos related to them. To some troublesome ghosts and monsters, people may choose to drive them away with a certain fetish. There are two ways to drive away the evil spirits. One is to prevent, and the other is to cope with the problem. Choice of the fetish reflects the supernatural beliefs among Qin people.Chapter Four explains the influence of some major Gods in Qin bamboo slips on Qin people's daily life and ideology, including Heaven God, Earth God and Life God. From the explanation, the mysterious world in Qin people's ideology is exposed. Heaven God is the supreme spirit in Qin people's belief system, so he is the most important. Because Qin people attach great importance to agriculture, Earth God is closely related to Qin people's daily life. Life God is in charge of a person's life and death.The conclusion part summarizes the research of the whole thesis and presents the central idea.