| "X yeshiX" is a common oral construction, which is usually used to erpress the meaning of negative evaluation, to provide reasons or excuses for the speaker's psychological tendency. Based on the fact of the Chinese language, through using construction grammar theory, the three-dimensional grammar theory, and combining with the theory of cognitive lingguistics, the paper conducts a systematic and comprehensive study on "X yeshi X".As the variable "X" of "X yeshi X" includes two forms,"V zhe"and "V le","X yeshi X"can be classified into two categories,one is Category A with the expression as "V zhe yeshi V zhe",the orther is Category B with the expression as "V le yeshi V le ". The entry condition of the structure is very strict, so the productivity is not very high?However,it can't negate its importance, because some of this construction are used very frequently.On the syntactic level,"X yeshi X"can be used as syntactic components,the subordinate clause of the cotmplex sentence,as well as be served as a single sentence and be talking serially.On the semantucal level, according to the analysis method of larger structure, we discover that "X yeshi X" erpress the meaning of negative evaluation, the meaning of Category A is that one state lacks activity or value, and Category B is that a certain result lacks activity or value. There is a metonymy relation of result and event, between the variable "V le" of Category B and the variable "V zhe" of Category A .So, Category B can be regarded as a special variant of Category A."X yeshi X"has a selective and repressive effect on "X". Under the repression, the former "X" gains referentiality and the after "X"gains a kind of descriptive as adjective. There is an interactive relationship between "X yeshi X" and it's component. On the one hand, this construction has a selective suppression effect on the component, on the other hand, the components have an important influence on the structure. In addition, "X yeshi X" often has a subsequent sentence, and there are two semantic relations between "X and X" and the subsequent sentence: cause -effect and selective.As to the Pragmatic features,"X yeshi X"is an expression of a casual tone,mainly applied to the dialogue context and the quasi dialogue context. In order to comply with the principle of politeness, this construction acts against the cooperative principle deliberately,and convey the conversational implicature in a tactful way. According to form, semantic relation and reducibility,we think"X yeshi X"is derived from "X yeshi Y"whose internal logic semantics is to express the hypothetical relation.The generative mechanism of this construction is the way of blend analogy. And the motivation of this construction includes Economic principle, the pursuit of novel expressions, relaxed social and cultural environment and the existing language resources.Finally, a comparation study between the "X yeshi X" and the related forms is conducted. In the three aspects of syntax, semantics and pragmatics, there are some similarities and differences between "X yeshi X"and "X shi X". Besides, there are some differences between "X yeshi X" and "X yeshi Y", and some specified conditions that they can not be replaced mutually. |
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